Text 1244, 89 rader
Skriven 2004-12-30 15:57:00 av William Morse (1:278/230)
Ärende: Re: Need Help In Zooplank
=================================


r norman <rsn_@_comcast.net> wrote in news:cqpc5m$25mb$1
@darwin.ediacara.org:

> On Mon, 27 Dec 2004 04:13:12 +0000 (UTC), "Rich"
> <Spamlessness@privacy.com> wrote:
> 
>>
>>"r norman" wrote:
>>>
>>>>Who knows which branches of Zooplanktons can produce Oil after their
>>>>death(By their remain Bodies)? & also about their-which can produce
>>>>oil-Sexual Reproduction system[completely]...& also how they can bear
>>>>their childs? thanks any way
>>>>
>>>
>>> Most petroleum was formed from diatoms, which are phytoplankton, not
>>> zooplankton.  Radiolarians and Foraminifera (zooplankton) may have
>>> contributed some.  It is not which plankton "can" produce oil. It is
>>> which plankton are present in sufficient quantity so that the
>>> hydrocarbons and oils naturally present in their bodies can 
accumulate
>>> sufficiently to form deposits.
>>>
>>> There are many different kinds of zooplankton, including protozoans,
>>> the larval stages of many animals, and the adult forms of some of the
>>> smaller invertebrates.  The multicellular forms often have sexual
>>> reproduction.  The singloe celled forms (protozoans) often are 
capable
>>> of both sexual and asexual reproduction.
>>>
>>> Get any good book on introductory biology or invertebrate zoology.
>>
>>How long does it take to turn a mass of dead diatoms into oil?  Is it
>>feasible to manufacture oil using biological mechanisms?
>>
>>Rich 
> 
> This is far out of my area of interest.  My impression is that there
> are several steps, all of which take hundred/thousands/tens of
> thousands of years (or more).
> 
> I don't know the chemistry involved, but under high temperature and
> pressure, the carbohydrates are altered to short chain hydrocarbons
> which are volatile, hence mobile.  This requires high temperatures and
> pressures which occur because of deposition of sediments and
> overlayering by more sediments.  So the deposition takes a large
> amount of time, the chemistry might be much more rapid.
> 
> The biggest problem is accumulating sufficient concentration.  This
> occurs as the volatile hydrocarbons rise through the porous sediments
> only to become trapped in a higher impermeable layer.   It takes ages
> (I have no idea how long that means) for sufficient material to become
> accumulated to be commercially useful.  
> 
> There are far better ways of manufacturing useful biomass energy
> without going through all these steps. You can simply grow trees and
> burn the wood, a technique that has been practiced by humans for
> thousands of years.   You can grow plants, convert the starches to
> sugars, then to alcohols and burn that.  You can use the resulting
> chemicals in fuel cells.   Unfortunately, given the enormous
> infrastructure already invested in petroleum and natural gas
> exploitation, it is still far cheaper in most cases to drill for oil
> and gas, ship it all around the world, and use that.


It is also possible to manufacture "oil" from biomass in a short period 
of time using pyrolysis - which involves heating the biomass at high 
pressure. The process has been known for years, but like the other 
techniques you mention for using biomass, it isn't commercially 
competitive with oil and gas extraction as long as we continue to price 
oil and gas at the cost of extraction rather than the cost of 
replacement.

And there are numerous plants and animals that produce oil biologically 
(e.g. whales, soybeans). 


Yours,

Bill Morse
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