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Skriven 2011-10-16 12:23:54 av Janis Kracht (1:261/38)
Ärende: FidoNews Vol. 28 No. 42 Neat Things with Linux
======================================================
     Neat Things You Can Do with Linux
     By Janis Kracht, 1:261/38, janis@filegate.net

     Last time we dealt with some simple things like cd, ls and
     wc, and how to get back "home" with ~.  This article
     discusses more about your home directory, and how to
     examine files without worrying about changing them
     (especially if you are new to the command line in Linux
     <grin>).  Later in this article I'll show you a chart I put
     together to make the swap from DOS etc. to Linux a bit
     easier.

     Did you try any of the ls switches on your own?  You have a
     number of config files in your home directory and ls -a
     will show them to you.

     ls -a

     will show you files that start with a '.', and -l will show
     you the long version of the file list.

     bbs@filegate:~$ ls -al /home/bbbs/.b*
     -rw------- 1 bbs bbs 7257 2011-10-13 13:00 -/home/bbbs/.bash_history
     -rw-r--r-- 1 bbs bbs  190 2010-10-09 02:44 -/home/bbbs/.bash_profile

     You can look at these files with the cat command - so cat
     .bash_profile will show you your settings in that file.

     bbs@filegate:~$ cat /home/bbbs/.bash_profile
     ---------------------------------------------------------
     # ~/.profile: executed by Bourne-compatible login shells.

     if [ "$BASH" ]; then
         if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
                . ~/.bashrc
                    fi
                    fi

                    mesg n
                    alias dir='ls -ltrh --color=auto'
     --------------------------------------------------------


     That's a small file.. but if it were a larger one like
     .bash_history, then you can use the less command.
     Less loads a file faster than an editor will, and
     lets you page down the file with the f key (forward) and go
     backward with the b key..  There are tons more options for
     movement but right now you'll probably want to remember f
     to move forward and q to quit :) Type less --help to see
     more switches that allow moving, searching, jumping, and
     switching files...  or keys to go to the top or bottom of
     the document (g gets you the top, shift-g goes to the
     bottom, for instance).

     More will also let you page through a document, a screen at
     a time - you can press the space bar to move through the
     document.  More is limited in the ways it lets you go
     through the document though, so you'll probably find
     yourself using the less command.

     Here's a reference chart I wrote years ago to help
     organize my thoughts when I was first dealing with Linux.
     I sent this chart and more like it down the FileGate's
     LNX_USER file echo.

     If you're new to the command line in linux, this might help
     a bit.

     ===========================================================
     DOS             Linux                   Description
     ===========================================================
      command.com      sh                  Simplistic command
                                           interpreter

      n/a              bash                Advanced command
                                           interpreter

      n/a              perl                Interpreter for
                                           perl scripts

      n/a              awk                 Interpreter for
                                           awk scripts

      n/a              chsh                Change shell



                    Directory Management
     ===========================================================
        DOS           Linux                      Description
     ===========================================================
      dir           ls -l                 Long format directory

      dir /w        ls                    Wide format directory

      cd            cd                    Change directory

      rm           rmdir                  Remove a directory

      md           mkdir                  Make a directory

      deltree /Y   rm -rf                 Recursively delete a
                                          directory tree
      n/a           pwd                   Dispay the current
                                          working directory



                     File Management
     ===========================================================
       DOS         Linux                         Description
     ===========================================================
      copy        cp               Copy a file

      move        mv               Move a file

      touch      touch             Set the timestamp on a file

      del        rm -f             Delete a file

      type        cat              Print a file to the screen

      n/a        chown             Change ownership of a file

      n/a        chgrp             Change group ownership of
                                   a file

      attrib     chmod             Change access permissions
                                   of a file

      rawrite    dd                Write directly to a device

      subst?     ln                Create a link to a file



                   Searching and Sorting
     ===========================================================
      DOS        Linux                         Description
     ===========================================================
      find     grep               Search for a string in a text
                                  file

      dir /s   find               Search for a file

      n/a      locate             Search for a file via a
                                  database

      n/a      updatedb           Create searchable database
                                  of files

      sort     sort               Sort a file



                               Disk Management
     ===========================================================
       DOS         Linux                       Description
     ===========================================================
      fdisk         fdisk            Modify the partition table

      format        mke2fs           Create a filesystem on a
                                     partition

      format        fdformat         Format a floppy disk

      chkdsk        e2fsck           Test a filesystem for errors

      n/a           swapon           Turn on a swap partition

      n/a           swapoff          Turn off a swap partition

      n/a           mount            Attach a filesystem to the
                                     root filesystem

      n/a           umount           Detach a filesystem from the
                                     root filesystem

      chkdsk        df               View amount of disk space
                                     available

      dir/s         du               View amount of disk space used
                                     by a directory recursively



                        Help
     ===========================================================
      DOS         Linux                        Description
     ===========================================================
      help      man                  Get help on a command
      n/a       apropos              Get help on a general topic
      n/a      whatis                Search the whatis database
      n/a      makewhatis            Make the whatis database
      n/a      file                  Classify or determine a
                                     file type



                   Editing and Printing
     ===========================================================
      DOS       Linux                       Description
     ===========================================================
      edit       pico             Editor for novices

      n/a        vi               Editor for advanced users

      print      lpr              Print a file

      n/a        sed              Stream editor

      n/a       joe               Wordstar compatible editor

      n/a       emacs             Programming environment and
                                  editor

      edlin        ed             non-visual editor



                   Backup, Compression, and Archival
     ===========================================================
       DOS           Linux                  Description
     ===========================================================
      pkzip         zip                    create a zip file.

      pkunzip       unzip                  extract files from
                                           a zip file.

      n/a           gzip                   Compress or decompress
                                           files via GNU zip.

      n/a           tar                    Tape archiver

      n/a           compress               Lempel-Ziv compression
                                           program


     As with anything, read the man pages for these commands if
     you start experimenting.

     Next time:  Searching for things with grep


     FIDONEWS Vol 28 No 42              Page 5          October 17 2011




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