Tillbaka till svenska Fidonet
English   Information   Debug  
FIDONEWS_OLD4   0/37224
FIDO_SYSOP   12852
FIDO_UTIL   0/180
FILEFIND   0/209
FILEGATE   0/212
FILM   0/18
FNEWS_PUBLISH   4393
FN_SYSOP   41678
FN_SYSOP_OLD1   71952
FTP_FIDO   0/2
FTSC_PUBLIC   798/13598
FUNNY   0/4886
GENEALOGY.EUR   0/71
GET_INFO   105
GOLDED   0/408
HAM   0/16069
HOLYSMOKE   0/6791
HOT_SITES   0/1
HTMLEDIT   0/71
HUB203   466
HUB_100   264
HUB_400   39
HUMOR   0/29
IC   0/2851
INTERNET   0/424
INTERUSER   0/3
IP_CONNECT   719
JAMNNTPD   0/233
JAMTLAND   0/47
KATTY_KORNER   0/41
LAN   0/16
LINUX-USER   0/19
LINUXHELP   0/1155
LINUX   0/22090
LINUX_BBS   0/957
mail   18.68
mail_fore_ok   249
MENSA   0/341
MODERATOR   0/102
MONTE   0/992
MOSCOW_OKLAHOMA   0/1245
MUFFIN   0/783
MUSIC   0/321
N203_STAT   924
N203_SYSCHAT   313
NET203   321
NET204   69
NET_DEV   0/10
NORD.ADMIN   0/101
NORD.CHAT   0/2572
NORD.FIDONET   189
NORD.HARDWARE   0/28
NORD.KULTUR   0/114
NORD.PROG   0/32
NORD.SOFTWARE   0/88
NORD.TEKNIK   0/58
NORD   0/453
OCCULT_CHAT   0/93
OS2BBS   0/787
OS2DOSBBS   0/580
OS2HW   0/42
OS2INET   0/37
OS2LAN   0/134
OS2PROG   0/36
OS2REXX   0/113
OS2USER-L   207
OS2   0/4786
OSDEBATE   0/18996
PASCAL   0/490
PERL   0/457
PHP   0/45
POINTS   0/405
POLITICS   0/29554
POL_INC   0/14731
PSION   103
R20_ADMIN   1121
R20_AMATORRADIO   0/2
R20_BEST_OF_FIDONET   13
R20_CHAT   0/893
R20_DEPP   0/3
R20_DEV   399
R20_ECHO2   1379
R20_ECHOPRES   0/35
R20_ESTAT   0/719
R20_FIDONETPROG...
...RAM.MYPOINT
  0/2
R20_FIDONETPROGRAM   0/22
R20_FIDONET   0/248
R20_FILEFIND   0/24
R20_FILEFOUND   0/22
R20_HIFI   0/3
R20_INFO2   3207
R20_INTERNET   0/12940
R20_INTRESSE   0/60
R20_INTR_KOM   0/99
R20_KANDIDAT.CHAT   42
R20_KANDIDAT   28
R20_KOM_DEV   112
R20_KONTROLL   0/13259
R20_KORSET   0/18
R20_LOKALTRAFIK   0/24
R20_MODERATOR   0/1852
R20_NC   76
R20_NET200   245
R20_NETWORK.OTH...
...ERNETS
  0/13
R20_OPERATIVSYS...
...TEM.LINUX
  0/44
R20_PROGRAMVAROR   0/1
R20_REC2NEC   534
R20_SFOSM   0/340
R20_SF   0/108
R20_SPRAK.ENGLISH   0/1
R20_SQUISH   107
R20_TEST   2
R20_WORST_OF_FIDONET   12
RAR   0/9
RA_MULTI   106
RA_UTIL   0/162
REGCON.EUR   0/2056
REGCON   0/13
SCIENCE   0/1206
SF   0/239
SHAREWARE_SUPPORT   0/5146
SHAREWRE   0/14
SIMPSONS   0/169
STATS_OLD1   0/2539.065
STATS_OLD2   0/2530
STATS_OLD3   0/2395.095
STATS_OLD4   0/1692.25
SURVIVOR   0/495
SYSOPS_CORNER   0/3
SYSOP   0/84
TAGLINES   0/112
TEAMOS2   0/4530
TECH   0/2617
TEST.444   0/105
TRAPDOOR   0/19
TREK   0/755
TUB   0/290
UFO   0/40
UNIX   0/1316
USA_EURLINK   0/102
USR_MODEMS   0/1
VATICAN   0/2740
VIETNAM_VETS   0/14
VIRUS   0/378
VIRUS_INFO   0/201
VISUAL_BASIC   0/473
WHITEHOUSE   0/5187
WIN2000   0/101
WIN32   0/30
WIN95   0/4288
WIN95_OLD1   0/70272
WINDOWS   0/1517
WWB_SYSOP   0/419
WWB_TECH   0/810
ZCC-PUBLIC   0/1
ZEC   4

 
4DOS   0/134
ABORTION   0/7
ALASKA_CHAT   0/506
ALLFIX_FILE   0/1313
ALLFIX_FILE_OLD1   0/7997
ALT_DOS   0/152
AMATEUR_RADIO   0/1039
AMIGASALE   0/14
AMIGA   0/331
AMIGA_INT   0/1
AMIGA_PROG   0/20
AMIGA_SYSOP   0/26
ANIME   0/15
ARGUS   0/924
ASCII_ART   0/340
ASIAN_LINK   0/651
ASTRONOMY   0/417
AUDIO   0/92
AUTOMOBILE_RACING   0/105
BABYLON5   0/17862
BAG   135
BATPOWER   0/361
BBBS.ENGLISH   0/382
BBSLAW   0/109
BBS_ADS   0/5290
BBS_INTERNET   0/507
BIBLE   0/3563
BINKD   0/1119
BINKLEY   0/215
BLUEWAVE   0/2173
CABLE_MODEMS   0/25
CBM   0/46
CDRECORD   0/66
CDROM   0/20
CLASSIC_COMPUTER   0/378
COMICS   0/15
CONSPRCY   0/899
COOKING   32712
COOKING_OLD1   0/24719
COOKING_OLD2   0/40862
COOKING_OLD3   0/37489
COOKING_OLD4   0/35496
COOKING_OLD5   9370
C_ECHO   0/189
C_PLUSPLUS   0/31
DIRTY_DOZEN   0/201
DOORGAMES   0/2053
DOS_INTERNET   0/196
duplikat   6002
ECHOLIST   0/18295
EC_SUPPORT   0/318
ELECTRONICS   0/359
ELEKTRONIK.GER   1534
ENET.LINGUISTIC   0/13
ENET.POLITICS   0/4
ENET.SOFT   0/11701
ENET.SYSOP   33888
ENET.TALKS   0/32
ENGLISH_TUTOR   0/2000
EVOLUTION   0/1335
FDECHO   0/217
FDN_ANNOUNCE   0/7068
FIDONEWS   24099
FIDONEWS_OLD1   0/49742
FIDONEWS_OLD2   0/35949
FIDONEWS_OLD3   0/30874
Möte FTSC_PUBLIC, 13598 texter
 lista första sista föregående nästa
Text 392, 812 rader
Skriven 2005-06-29 07:02:58 av Scott Little
Ärende: 2 FRL-1006.001 RC1
==========================
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got other    |Report    |RxDone  |Failure |
   |        |             |known frame  |unexpected|        |        |
   |        |             |             |frame     |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got unknown  |ignore    |RxWaitF |OK      |
   |        |             |frame        |          |        |        |
   |--------+-------------+-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |RxAccF  |Decide how to|Accept from  |Report    |RxReceD |OK      |
   |        |accept       |beginning    |receiving |        |        |
   |        |Incoming File|             |file      |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Accept from  |Send M_GET|RxReceD |OK      |
   |        |             |offset (we do|Report    |        |        |
   |        |             |already have |receiving |        |        |
   |        |             |a part of    |file,     |        |        |
   |        |             |file)        |requested |        |        |
   |        |             |             |offest    |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Accept later |Send      |RxWaitF |OK      |
   |        |             |(or failed to|M_SKIP    |        |        |
   |        |             |create file) |Report we |        |        |
   |        |             |             |will      |        |        |
   |        |             |             |accept    |        |        |
   |        |             |             |file      |        |        |
   |        |             |             |later, not|        |        |
   |        |             |             |in current|        |        |
   |        |             |             |session   |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Refuse       |Send M_GOT|RxWaitF |OK      |
   |        |             |(delete on   |Report we |        |        |
   |        |             |remote)      |do not    |        |        |
   |        |             |             |accept    |        |        |
   |        |             |             |file      |        |        |
   |--------+-------------+-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |RxReceD |Get a frame  |Didn't got a |none      |RxReceD |OK      |
   |        |from Input   |complete     |          |        |        |
   |        |Buffer       |frame yet    |          |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got Data     |none      |RxWriteD|continue|
   |        |             |frame        |          |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got M_ERR    |Report    |RxDone  |Failure |
   |        |             |             |Error     |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got M_GET /  |Add frame |RxReceD |OK      |
   |        |             |M_GOT /      |to The    |        |        |
   |        |             |M_SKIP       |Queue     |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got M_NUL    |Log       |RxReceD |OK      |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got M_FILE   |Report    |RxAccF  |Continue|
   |        |             |             |partially |        |        |
   |        |             |             |received  |        |        |
   |        |             |             |file      |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got other    |Report    |RxDone  |Failure |
   |        |             |known frame  |unexpected|        |        |
   |        |             |             |frame     |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got unknown  |ignore    |RxReceD |OK      |
   |        |             |frame        |          |        |        |
   |--------+-------------+-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |RxWriteD|Write data to|Write Failed |Report    |RxDone  |Failure |
   |        |file         |             |error     |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |File Pos >   |Report    |RxDone  |Failure |
   |        |             |Reported     |write     |        |        |
   |        |             |             |beyond EOF|        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |File Pos =   |Close File|RxWaitF |OK      |
   |        |             |Reported     |Send M_GOT|        |        |
   |        |             |             |Report    |        |        |
   |        |             |             |File      |        |        |
   |        |             |             |Received  |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |File Pos <   |none      |RxReceD |OK      |
   |        |             |Reported     |          |        |        |
   |--------+-------------+-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |RxEOB   |Get a frame  |Didn't get a |none      |RxEOB   |OK      |
   |        |from Input   |complete     |          |        |        |
   |        |Buffer       |frame yet or |          |        |        |
   |        |             |TxState is   |          |        |        |
   |        |             |not TxDone   |          |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got M_ERR    |Report    |RxDone  |Failure |
   |        |             |             |Error     |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got M_GET /  |Add frame |RxEOB   |OK      |
   |        |             |M_GOT /      |to The    |        |        |
   |        |             |M_SKIP       |Queue     |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got M_NUL    |Log       |RxEOB   |OK      |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got other    |Report    |RxDone  |Failure |
   |        |             |known frame  |unexpected|        |        |
   |        |             |or data frame|frame     |        |        |
   |        |             |-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |        |             |Got unknown  |ignore    |RxEOB   |OK      |
   |        |             |frame        |          |        |        |
   |--------+-------------+-------------+----------+--------+--------|
   |RxDone  |none         |none         |none      |RxDone  |OK      |
   +-----------------------------------------------------------------+

   We define the list called "PendingFiles". After we put the last
   byte of file into output buffer, we cannot yet consider the file as
   being successfully transmitted, thus we have to add the file to
   this list and then look for corresponding incoming M_GET / M_GOT /
   M_SKIP frames to remove the file from the list and decide whether
   the file was indeed received by remote or remote will accept this
   file later, or something else. After we have sent M_EOB frame, we
   must wait until PendingFiles list gets empty before disconnecting.

   If the connection accidentally breaks, all the files left in
   PendingFiles are considered unsent and will be re-transmitted in
   the next session. If the connection breaks when the remote did
   actually receive the file (but the corresponded confirmation frame
   (M_GOT) didn't came back to us) and we are resending this file
   again in the next session, remote may get two copies of the same
   file (file dupe). Binkp allows to reduce or totally suppress such
   dupes (at a cost of performance, of course), see Non-Reliable mode
   and "No Dupes" protocol extension (to be found in a separate
   document at a later date).

                        Table 5: Transmit Routine
   +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
   |TxState|Predicate(s)|Condition(s)  |Actions(s)  |Next   |Return  |
   |-------+------------+--------------+------------+-------+--------|
   |TxGNF  |Open next   |File opened OK|Send M_FILE |TxTryR |continue|
   |       |file from   |              |Report      |       |        |
   |       |outgoing    |              |sending file|       |        |
   |       |queue       |--------------+------------+-------+--------|
   |       |            |Failed to open|Report      |TxDone |Failure |
   |       |            |file          |failure     |       |        |
   |       |            |--------------+------------+-------+--------|
   |       |            |No more files |Send M_EOB  |TxWLA  |continue|
   |       |            |              |Report end  |       |        |
   |       |            |              |of batch    |       |        |
   |-------+------------+--------------+------------+-------+--------|
   |TxTryR |Check       |TheQueue is   |none        |TxReadS|continue|
   |       |TheQueue    |empty         |            |       |        |
   |       |            |--------------+--------------------+--------|
   |       |            |TheQueue is   |call ProcessTheQueue|continue|
   |       |            |not empty     |                    |        |
   |-------+------------+--------------+--------------------+--------|
   |TxReadS|Read data   |Read failed   |Report Error|TxDone |Failure |
   |       |block from  |--------------+------------+-------+--------|
   |       |file        |Read OK,      |Send data   |TxGNF  |OK      |
   |       |            |Reached EOF   |block frame |       |        |
   |       |            |              |Close       |       |        |
   |       |            |              |current file|       |        |
   |       |            |              |Add current |       |        |
   |       |            |              |file to     |       |        |
   |       |            |              |PendingFiles|       |        |
   |       |            |--------------+------------+-------+--------|
   |       |            |Read OK, not  |Send data   |TxTryR |OK      |
   |       |            |reached EOF   |block frame |       |        |
   |-------+------------+--------------+------------+-------+--------|
   |TxWLA  |Check       |TheQueue is   |none        |TxDone |OK      |
   |       |TheQueue    |empty and     |            |       |        |
   |       |            |RxState >=    |            |       |        |
   |       |            |RxEOB         |            |       |        |
   |       |            |--------------+------------+-------+--------|
   |       |            |TheQueue is   |none        |TxWLA  |OK      |
   |       |            |empty and     |            |       |        |
   |       |            |RxState <     |            |       |        |
   |       |            |RxEOB         |            |       |        |
   |       |            |--------------+--------------------+--------|
   |       |            |TheQueue is   |call ProcessTheQueue|continue|
   |       |            |not empty     |                    |        |
   |-------+------------+--------------+--------------------+--------|
   |TxDone |none        |none          |none        |TxDone |OK      |
   +-----------------------------------------------------------------+

   We define a list called KnownFiles. This list contains files that
   can be requested by the remote using M_GET command. This list shall
   at least contain all the files that are part of the PendingFiles
   list.

                    Table 6: ProcessTheQueue routine
   +-----------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Predicate(s)       | Condition(s)       | Actions(s)            |
   |--------------------+--------------------+-----------------------|
   | M_GET received     | requested file is  | Report unknown file   |
   |                    | not in the         |                       |
   |                    | KnownFiles list    |                       |
   |--------------------+--------------------+-----------------------|
   | M_GET received for | Requested pos is   | Close and finalize    |
   | a known file       | FileSize           | file.                 |
   |                    |                    | Report that remote    |
   |                    |                    | refused file being    |
   |                    |                    | transmitted.          |
   |                    |                    | Set TxState to        |
   |                    |                    | TxGetNextFile.        |
   |                    |--------------------+-----------------------|
   |                    | Requested pos is   | Set file pointer to   |
   |                    | less than FileSize | requested pos.        |
   |                    |                    | Report that remote    |
   |                    |                    | requested offset.     |
   |                    |                    | Set TxState to        |
   |                    |                    | TxReadSend.           |
   |                    |--------------------+-----------------------|
   |                    | Requested pos is   | Ignore frame          |
   |                    | greater than       |                       |
   |                    | FileSize           |                       |
   |--------------------+--------------------+-----------------------|
   | M_GOT file that is | none               | Close and finalize    |
   | currently          |                    | file                  |
   | transmitting       |                    | Report Remote refused |
   |                    |                    | file being            |
   |                    |                    | transmitted           |
   |                    |                    | Set TxState to TxGNF  |
   |--------------------+--------------------+-----------------------|
   | M_GOT file that is | File is in         | Finalize file         |
   | not currently      | PendingFiles list  | Report file has been  |
   | transmitting       |                    | sent                  |
   |                    |                    | Remove file from the  |
   |                    |                    | PendingFiles list     |
   |                    |--------------------+-----------------------|
   |                    | File is not in     | Ignore frame          |
   |                    | PendingFiles       |                       |
   |--------------------+--------------------+-----------------------|
   | M_SKIP file that   | none               | Close file (do not    |
   | is currently       |                    | finalize, we will     |
   | transmitting       |                    | send it later, not in |
   |                    |                    | current session)      |
   |                    |                    | Report remote will    |
   |                    |                    | accept this file      |
   |                    |                    | later                 |
   |                    |                    | Set TxState to TxGNF  |
   |--------------------+--------------------+-----------------------|
   | M_SKIP file that   | none               | Report remote will    |
   | is not currently   |                    | accept this file      |
   | transmitting       |                    | later                 |
   |                    |                    | Remove file from      |
   |                    |                    | PendingPiles, if      |
   |                    |                    | exists there          |
   +-----------------------------------------------------------------+

  6.3 Session Termination
  -----------------------

   A session may be terminated in any of the following cases:


       should be deemed aborted due to a fatal error.

       should be deemed aborted due to non-fatal error typically
       because of temporary lack of resources to proceed with the
       session.

          * all the files have been sent
          * we have received M_EOB from the remote side (there are no
            more files for us),
          * we have received acknowledgements for all the files sent,
          * we have received all the files re-requested by M_GET,
       In this case, the session should be deemed successfully
       completed.

   A session termination itself is not a protocol stage. Mailer may
   terminate a session at any time simply by issuing disconnect
   (shutdown) command to the underlying transport layer, provided any
   of the three conditions above are met. Mailer MUST take all proper
   steps to provide a graceful shutdown of the transport layer, as it
   is the transport layer that is responsible for all the data
   transmitted by one side to be received by another before
   disconnection, provided that shutdown of the transport layer
   protocol was successful.

7. Recommended Protocol Extensions
----------------------------------

   This section documents already implemented and proposed extensions
   for the binkp/1.0. These extensions are purely optional and are
   included here for the sake of compatibility with future
   implementations.

   Sides indicate supported protocol extensions by sending M_NUL
   frame(s) with "OPT list_of_extensions" string, where
   list_of_extensions is a space separated list of supported protocol
   extensions. Whenever multiple M_NUL "OPT ..." frames are received
   during the session, they SHOULD augment the current list of
   extensions rather than replace it, unless specifically stated
   otherwise for a particular option.

   Mailer SHOULD NOT use any extension unless exactly sure that this
   extension is supported by the remote. Mailer SHOULD use M_NUL "OPT
   ..." to indicate supported options. Other methods for indicating
   supported extensions are allowed as long as the provide full
   backwards compatibility.

  7.1 Non-reliable Mode
  ---------------------

   Non-reliable mode solves the problem with frequently aborted
   connections when the sides can not successfully complete file
   transfer before connection is broken. In this case, if the
   transmitting side starts retransmission from offset 0, performance
   degrades as by the time it receives M_GET from the remote, network
   buffers are already full and by the time they are freed for
   retransmission from requested offset, the connection might go down
   again.

   In order to circumvent this problem, a mailer can request the
   remote to enter non-reliable mode by sending a M_NUL "OPT NR" frame
   at any time during the session. After the remote acknowledges it by
   sending an M_NUL "OPT NR" frame indicating that the option is
   supported, both sides can assume that they are in non-reliable
   mode.

   When session is in non-reliable mode, the transmitting side may
   send -1 for the offset value in M_FILE command. If it does so, it
   should wait for the M_GET frame from the receiving side that
   explicitly specifies file offset and start transmitting file data
   from this offset. If the receiving side has indicated that it
   supports non-reliable mode by sending M_NUL "OPT NR" frame, it must
   recognize -1 as the file offset in M_FILE command as an explicit
   request for the file offset and transmit an appropriate M_GET frame
   as soon as possible.

   It should be understood that this option degrades performance over
   regular quality connections and it should be used only if
   absolutely necessary.

  7.2 Multiple Batch Mode
  -----------------------

   The session is in MB mode if both sides set "MB" flag in any of
   M_NUL "OPT" packets exchanged before sending of M_OK/M_PWD packets.

   In MB mode both sides restart session from RxDone into InitTransfer
   state if there were any command packets sent or received by any
   side between starting at InitTransfer and exchanging of M_EOB by
   the sides (RxDone state). Otherwise, the session terminates as
   usual.

   Multiple batches mode is intended to handle WaZOO [FTS-0006] file
   requests. If there were any WaZOO request files transferred in a
   batch, sides MAY process them and send resulting files in the next
   batch. Mailers MAY also generate list of files to send in
   additional batches by other techniques -- including rescanning of
   their spools or processing of other magic files transferred before
   in the same session.

  7.3 Multiple Passwords Mode
  ---------------------------

   Multiple password mode allows to specify different passwords for
   the different addresses of the remote.

   Originating side identifies it's multipassword capabilities by
   sending M_NUL "OPT MPWD" during session setup stage before sending
   any M_ADR commands and waits for response from the answering side.

   If answering side responds with the M_NUL "OPT MPWD", then it
   supports multiply passwords too. Answering side also always
   responds with it's own address list: M_ADR "adr1 adr2 adr3 ...". If
   M_NUL "OPT MPWD" was not received prior to the first M_ADR command,
   originating side should assume that the remote does not support
   multiple password mode and send a single password (if any) for one
   of the addresses of the remote.

   If the MPWD option was indicated by the answering side, originating
   side now may send M_PWD "pwd1 pwd2 pwd3 ..." with the number of
   entries in space separated password list equivalent to the number
   of addresses presented by the answering side. If there is no
   password for a particular address, it must send '-' character as a
   placeholder.

   If the passwords presented are consistent, answering side must
   acknowledge successful authentication by sending M_OK command.

  7.4 Keyed Hashing Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism
  -------------------------------------------------------------

    7.4.1 Overview
    --------------

   Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism (CRAM) allows to avoid
   passing cleartext, reusable passwords across the network. Since it
   utilizes Keyed-Hashing digests [Keyed], it does not require
   password to be stored in the clear on the Mailer's media, allowing
   storage of the intermediate results which are known as "contexts".

   Providing binkp-mailer is capable of [Keyed] digest calculation and
   conversion of a byte array to a hexadecimal string and back,
   implementation of CRAM is easily achieved by slightly modifying the
   state machine.

    7.4.2 Sequence of Steps
    -----------------------

   CRAM adds an additional synchronization step to binkp protocol. The
   description of this step follows:


       the Originating side, encoded to a hexadecimal string.

       hexadecimal string, and a password to produce a digest by
       applying the keyed Hashing algorithm from [Keyed] where the key
       is the password and the digested text is the challenge data.

       digest provided. If the digest is correct, the answering side
       should consider the Originating side authenticated and responds
       appropriately.

   Similar technique is used in [IMAP-AUTH].

    7.4.3 Generating and Transmitting Challenge Data
    ------------------------------------------------

   Size and contents of challenge data are implementation-dependent,
   but it SHOULD be no smaller than 8 bytes and no bigger than 64
   bytes. Answering side SHOULD never generate the same challenge
   data.

   Instead of generating a long challenge data, answering side MAY use
   a hash function to shorten it. In calculation of a challenge data
   answering side MAY also use connection/line number, caller's IP
   address, current time, etc.

   Answering side transmits challenge data in the very first M_NUL
   message, in the following way:

   M_NUL "OPT [othropt] CRAM-lsthf-cde [othropt]"

   lsthf is a list of aliases of supported hash functions, delimited
   by slash characters. The list begins with alias of the most
   preferred and ends with alias of the least preferred hash function.

   Currently defined aliases are: MD5 for [MD5] and SHA1 for [SHA-1].

   cde is the challenge data encoded to hexadecimal string, Lower-case
   ASCII characters MUST be used for encoding, but Mailer SHOULD also
   accept upper-case characters. The length of the string MUST be
   even, and the leading zeros MUST NOT be trimmed.

    7.4.4 Producing and Transmitting a Digest
    -----------------------------------------

   Originating side responds with:

   M_PWD "CRAM-chosenhf-khde [othropt]"

   where chosenhf is the alias of the chosen hash function and khde is
   the keyed hashed digest, encoded to a hexadecimal string.

   According to [IMAP-AUTH], keyed hashed digest is produced by
   calculating

   HASH((secret XOR opad), HASH((secret XOR ipad), challengedata))

   where HASH is chosen hash function, ipad and opad are 36 hex and 5C
   hex (as defined in [Keyed]) and secret is a password null-padded to
   a length of 64 bytes. If the password is longer than 64 bytes, the
   hash-function digest of the password is used as an input (16-byte
   for [MD5] and 20-byte for [SHA-1]) to the keyed hashed calculation.

    7.4.6 Indicating CRAM Capabilities
    ----------------------------------

   Answering side MUST send

   M_NUL "OPT [othropt] CRAM-lsthf-cde [othropt]"

   as a very first M_NUL message if it supports CRAM.

   It MAY send other non-M_NUL messages before though. Current
   specification doesn't define any such non-M_NUL message, they are
   reserved for protocol extension.

   Originating side MUST be ready to receive non-M_NUL before M_NUL in
   a CRAM session. Binkp state machine MUST ignore any received
   message of unknown type in order to be compatible with future
   extensions.

   If an originating side receives a first message that is a M_ADR or
   a M_NUL message that is not

   M_NUL "OPT [othropt] CRAM-lsthf-cde [othropt]"

   it MUST decide that the answering side doesn't support CRAM and MAY
   either disconnect or use old password exchange. If the sides have
   no any compatible hash function, originator may also either
   disconnect or use old password exchange. If an originating side
   decides to disconnect, it SHOULD send M_ERR frame with a proper
   explanation before disconnecting.

   When parsing M_NUL "OPT ..." string (coming from the answering
   side), originating side first splits it by using space delimiter to
   get a list of options, and then if an option begins with
   "CRAM-lsthf-", takes the remaining substring as a
   hexadecimal-encoded challenge data.

    7.4.7 Example of Frame Exchange During CRAM Authentication
    ----------------------------------------------------------

   (Password here is tanstaaftanstaaf)

   Originating :
     send M_NUL messages
     and M_ADR
     wait for first M_NUL message

   Answering   :
     send M_NUL "OPT ND CRAM-SHA1/MD5-f0315b074d728d483d6887d0182fc328"
     and other messages
     wait for M_PWD

   Originating :
     M_PWD "CRAM-MD5-56be002162a4a15ba7a9064f0c93fd00"

   Answering   :
     M_OK and continue session

    7.4.8 Notes on Hash Function Algorithms
    ---------------------------------------

   [MD5] and [SHA-1] are the most widely used cryptographic hash
   functions. [MD5] has been shown to be vulnerable to collision
   search attacks [Dobb]. This attack and other currently known
   weaknesses of [MD5] do not compromise the use of [MD5] within CRAM
   as specified in this document (see [Dobb]); however, [SHA-1]
   appears to be a cryptographically stronger function. To this date,
   [MD5] can be considered for use in CRAM for applications where the
   superior performance of [MD5] is critical. In any case,
   implementors and users need to be aware of possible cryptanalytic
   developments regarding any of these cryptographic hash functions,
   and the eventual need to replace the underlying hash function.

8. License
----------

   You can implement binkp protocol in your software as long as you
   agree to the following conditions:


       other way. You shall include the author(s) of the protocol in
       your copyright statement for the software.

       versions. Binkp allows development of the new capabilities
       without compromising interoperability with previous versions.
       Therefore, it is important that future developments of the
       protocol are not pursued in different directions by different
       people. If you have any suggestions regarding future
       developments of the protocol, make a reasonable effort to
       contact the author(s), so that the development efforts can
       coordinated in a way advantageous for everybody.

       future binkp specifications, you shall reference to it as a
       "binkp variation" or "binkp derived".

   Remember that you may use, implement or utilize binkp, it's
   description or any other associated texts or documentations at your
   own risk, without any warranty, without even the implied warranty
   of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE

   Binkp author: Dima Maloff.

9. Glossary
-----------

   Many entries in this glossary are provided courtesy of Butterfly
   Glossary of Internet and Data Communication terms and RFC-1983.

   connection-oriented
           Data communication method in which communication proceeds
           through three well-defined phases: connection
           establishment, data transfer, connection release. TCP is a
           connection-oriented protocol.

   data link layer
           The OSI layer that is responsible for data transfer across
           a single physical connection, or series of bridged
           connections, between two Network entities.

   flow control
           A technique for ensuring that a transmitting entity does
           not overwhelm a receiving entity.

   HDLC
           (High level Data Link Control). Popular ISO standard
           bit-oriented, data link layer protocol derived from SDLC.
           HDLC specifies an encapsulated method of data on
           synchronous serial data links.

   IP
           (Internet Protocol). The Internet Protocol, defined in STD
           5, RFC 791, is the network layer for the TCP/IP Protocol
           Suite. It is a connectionless, best-effort packet switching
           protocol.

   network layer
           Layer 3 of the OSI reference model. Layer 3 is the layer at
           which routing, addressing and connection management take
           place.

   OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model
           A seven-layer structure designed to describe computer
           network architectures and the way that data passes through
           them. This model was developed by the ISO (International
           Organization for Standardization) in 1978 to clearly define
           the interfaces in multivendor networks, and to provide
           users of those networks with conceptual guidelines in the
           construction of such networks.

   port
           A port is a transport layer demultiplexing value. Each
           application has a unique port identifier associated with
           it.

   physical layer
           The OSI layer that provides the means to activate and use
           physical connections for bit transmission. In plain terms,
           the Physical Layer provides the procedures for transferring
           a single bit across a Physical Media.

   Quality of Service
           (Also QoS). A measure of performance for a transmission
           system that reflects its transmission quality and
           availability of service.

   reliable transmission
           a type of transport service that:
              * recovers from errors by retransmitting errored frames
              * delivers frames in correct sequence (also known as
                stream-oriented)
              * usually is used in connection-oriented mode

   session layer
           Layer 5 of the OSI reference model. Coordinates session
           activity between applications, including application-layer
           error control, dialog control, and remote procedure calls.

   sliding window flow control
           Method of flow control in which a receiver gives
           transmitter permission to transmit data until a window is
           full. When the window is full, the transmitter must stop
           transmitting until the receiver advertises a larger window.

   socket
           Software structure operating as a communications and point
           within a network device.

   TCP
           Transmission Control Protocol. An Internet Standard
           transport layer reliable protocol defined in STD 7, RFC
           793. It is connection-oriented and stream-oriented.

   TCP/IP protocol suite
           Transmission Control Protocol over Internet Protocol. This
           is a common shorthand which refers to the suite of
           transport and application protocols which runs over IP.

   transport layer
           Layer 4 of the OSI reference model. The transport layer is
           responsible for reliable network communication between end
           nodes. It implements flow and error control and often uses
           virtual circuits to ensure reliable data delivery.

   unixtime
           number of seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, Jan. 1, 1970.

10. References
--------------

   [FTS-0001]
           A Basic FidoNet(r) Technical Standard, Revision 16. Randy
           Bush, Pacific Systems Group, September 30, 1995. FTS-0001.

   [FTS-0006]
           YOOHOO and YOOHOO/2U2. The netmail handshake used by
           Opus-CBCS and other intelligent Fidonet mail handling
           packages. Version 002, Vince Perriello. 30-Nov-1991.
           FTS-0006.

   [FSC-0039]
           M.Howard, A type-2 packet extension proposal, FSC-0039
           Version 4, 29-Sep-1990. FSC-0039.

   [FSC-0045]
           T.Henderson, Proposed new packet header, Version 1,
           17-Apr-1990. FSC-0045.

   [FSC-0048]
           J.Vroonhof, Proposed type-2 packet extension, Version 2,
           21-Oct-1990. FSC-0048.

   [FSC-0081]
           M.Staldal, A type-3 packet proposal, Version 1,
           01-Mar-1995. FSC-0081.

   [EMSI]
           Joaquim H. Homrighausen, EMSI/IEMSI protocol definition.
           May 3, 1991. FSC-0056.

   [FTA-1006]
           Key words to indicate requirement levels, Fidonet Technical
           Standards Committee administrative. FTA-1006.

   [Halsall95]
           Data Communications, Computer Networks and Open Systems, F.
           Halsall, 4th ed., Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0-201-42293-X.

   [Dobb]
           H. Dobbertin, "The Status of MD5 After a Recent Attack",
           RSA Labs' CryptoBytes, Vol. 2 No. 2, Summer 1996.

   [MD5]
           Rivest, R., "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm", RFC 1321,
           April 1992.

   [SHA-1]
           NIST, FIPS PUB 180-1: Secure Hash Standard, April 1995.

   [Keyed]
           Krawczyk, Bellare, Canetti, "HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for
           Message Authentication", RFC 2104, February 1997.

   [IMAP-AUTH]
           Klensin, "IMAP/POP AUTHorize Extension for Simple
           Challenge/Response", RFC 2195, September, 1997

   [RFC822]
           Standard for the format of ARPA Internet text messages. D.
           Crocker. Aug-13-1982. RFC 822, STD0011.

   [UTF8]
           UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646. F. Yergeau.
           January 1998, RFC 2279.

   [ISO10646]
           ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993. International Standard -- Information
           technology -- Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set
           (UCS) -- Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.
           Five amendments and a technical corrigendum have been
           published up to now. UTF-8 is described in Annex R,
           published as Amendment 2.

11. Acknowledgements
--------------------

   This document is partially based on extracts from RFCs and FTSC
   publications too numerous to be acknowledged individually.

   The authors would like to thank Joaquim Homrighausen, Kim 'B'
   Heino, Rune Johansen and many others for fruitful discussions and
   suggestions regarding protocol design and specifications.

A. Author Contact Data
-----------------------

   Dima Maloff
   Fidonet: 2:5020/128
   E-mail: maloff@corbina.net
   WWW: http://www.corbina.net/~maloff/

   Maxim Masiutin
   Fidonet: 2:469/84
   E-mail: max@ritlabs.com
   WWW: http://www.ritlabs.com/

   Nick Soveiko
   Fidonet: 2:5030/23.101
   E-mail: nsoveiko@doe.carleton.ca
   WWW: http://www.doe.carleton.ca/~nsoveiko/

B. History
----------

   Rev.1, 19990611:
           First release

   Rev.2, 19991008:
              * Added new topic: "Definitions";
              * clarified the following topics: "Frame Format",
                "Protocol Commands and Their Arguments", "Keyed
                Hashing Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism";
              * added "unixtime" item to Glossary topic;
              * corrected links in References topic.

   Rev.3, 20000731:
              * Table 6 in section 6.2, File transfer stage has been
                rewritten: TheListOfSendFiles replaced by PendingFiles
                which was defined earlier. introduced definition of
                KnownFiles list. new ProcessTheQueue routine w/respect
                to handling M_GET command
              * Section 5.2, File Name Issues was rewritten to clearly
                define safe and unsafe characters in filenames.
              * Section 5.3, Non-ASCII Characters was rewritten to
                clarify Unicode usage.
              * Expanded descriptions for M_NUL "TIME ...", M_NUL "TRF
                ...", added description of M_NUL "PHN ..." and M_NUL
                "OPM ..." frames in section 5.4 Binkp Commands.
              * IANA port number added to section 3, Protocol
                Overview.
              * M_GET description in section 5.4, Binkp Commands was
                rewritten for clarity.
              * M_BSY "RETRY ..." option documented.
              * Minor edits throughout the document to improve
                readability.

   ------ 20050708:
              * Reassigned to FRL-1006.001

**********************************************************************


-- Scott Little  [fidonet#3:712/848 / sysgod@sysgod.org]

--- GoldED+/W32 1.1.5-31012
 * Origin: Cyberia: 100% Grade "A" mansteak baby. (3:712/848)