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Text 15667, 532 rader
Skriven 2020-06-19 09:05:02 av Sean Dennis (1:18/200.0)
Ärende: The Weekly ARRL Letter
==============================
   The ARRL Letter                                                         
   June 17, 2020                                                           
                                                                           
     * More Amateur Radio Exam Sessions Engineering In-Person, Remote       
       Solutions                                                            
     * Visalia DX Convention to be Refashioned as Two Virtual Events in     
       2021                                                                 
     * Field Day 2020: Balancing Tradition and Safety in the COVID-19 Era   
     * ARRL Podcasts Schedule                                              
     * Support ARRL as You Shop AmazonSmile for Father's Day               
     * Youth on the Air in the Americas Announces At-Home Bonus Summer     
       Activities                                                          
     * Kids Day in the Age of COVID-19                                     
     * The K7RA Solar Update                                               
     * Just Ahead in Radiosport                                            
     * Announcements                                                       
     * Tennessee Court of Appeals Affirms Contempt Ruling Against Radio    
       Amateur                                                             
     * Amateur Radio Discussed at CEPT Meeting                             
     * Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions              
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   COVID-19 Impact & News                                                  
                                                                           
   Find the latest news and information on the impact of the coronavirus   
   pandemic to ARRL members and our global amateur radio community.        
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   More Amateur Radio Exam Sessions Engineering In-Person, Remote          
   Solutions                                                               
                                                                           
   As some states further relax restrictions imposed to minimize the       
   spread of the COVID-19 virus, additional teams of ARRL Volunteer        
   Examiner Coordinator (VEC) volunteer examiners (VEs) have conducted     
   successful sessions. On June 13 at the Clark Township Municipal         
   Building, the Electronic Technology Society of New Jersey (ETSNJ) held  
   its first exam session since February, with help from several other     
   clubs. With COVID-19 precautions in place, the June session was held    
   outdoors.                                                               
                                                                           
   "We had to have two sessions, because we had 20 candidates on our       
   waiting list," said Larry Makoski, W2LJ, a member of the Piscataway     
   Amateur Radio Club. Drew Moore, W2OU, was the ARRL VEC liaison. "We had 
   the candidates line up their vehicles on one side of the parking lot.   
   Directly across from them were the vehicles of the VEs. They were given 
   the option of taking the exam inside their vehicle, or if they wanted,  
   they could bring a chair and clipboard and take the exam in front of    
   their vehicle. Each vehicle was checked for compliance as we collected  
   exam fees and checked photo IDs."                                       
                                                                           
   Makoski said social distancing was maintained, and face coverings and   
   gloves or hand sanitizer were the order of the day. "We communicated    
   with the candidates via a low-power FM transmitter tuned to 88.7 MHz or 
   thereabouts, and they could hear us on their FM broadcast receivers     
   inside their vehicles," he explained.                                   
                                                                           
   All went smoothly, and the weather cooperated. "Everyone who came       
   walked away -- or should I say, drove away -- with either a new         
   Technician-class license or an upgrade," Makoski said. A vacant seat    
   was left for VE Bobby Cure, W2REC (SK), who had succumbed to COVID-19.  
   "We tried to honor his memory by making him present in spirit," Makoski 
   said.                                                                   
                                                                           
   VE teams from the Tri-County Radio Club, the Raritan Valley Radio Club, 
   the South Plainfield Amateur Radio Club, the New Providence Amateur     
   Radio Club, and the Fair Lawn Amateur Radio Club pitched in to help.    
                                                                           
   On the same Saturday in Florida, Doug Wiles, WF4B, reports that the St. 
   Augustine Amateur Radio Society (SAARS) VE team held its first exam     
   session in 6 months. The session took place in an outdoor pavilion, and 
   test areas were disinfected prior to the candidates' arrival. Face      
   masks were distributed and social distancing was practiced during the   
   session, Wiles said. All three candidates passed.                       
                                                                           
   On June 14 in Georgetown, Kentucky, VE Ron Malinowski, WX4GPS, with the 
   Scott County Amateur Radio Club said 14 candidates passed their tests   
   during an indoor session held there. "We took temperatures at the door, 
   gave masks to anyone who came without, and we wiped down all seating    
   areas after the attendee left," he said.                                
                                                                           
   ARRL VE Team Liaison Janet Crenshaw, WB9ZPH, in Garland, Texas, told    
   ARRL that a trucker signed up for a recent remote exam session.         
                                                                           
   "He had a Wi-Fi hotspot in the cab of his truck, so he found a parking  
   space, pulled out his iPad and iPhone, and we had our Zoom test right   
   there," she told ARRL VEC. "The world certainly has changed, and I've   
   been encouraging people to realize that the world of ham radio has to   
   change with it."                                                        
   Visalia DX Convention to be Refashioned as Two Virtual Events in 2021   
                                                                           
   There will be a Virtual Visalia in 2021. Organizers announced this week 
   that the newly renamed International DX and Contesting Convention       
   (IDXCC) in Visalia, California, will span two weekends next April. Each 
   will be a "unique 3-day event" without duplication. Registration will   
   begin early next year. The former International DX Convention was       
   canceled in March due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Visalia sponsors said   
   the event's new name better reflects what the convention had become     
   over the years -- a gathering of avid DXers and contesters from around  
   the US and the world. Sponsors said the challenge for planning next     
   year's event was whether to prepare for an in-person convention or a    
   virtual gathering.                                                      
                                                                           
   "Everyone wants to hold out hope for a face-to-face meeting next year,  
   but we have to ask, 'What will our new normal lifestyle be like next    
   April, and can we guarantee a COVID-free environment for our            
   attendees?'" an announcement on the IDXCC website explained. "After     
   consultation with a few medical experts, epidemiologists, and longtime  
   attendees of IDXCC, we have concluded that for 2021, the right choice   
   -- and the safest choice -- is to have a virtual convention instead of  
   an in-person meeting."                                                  
                                                                           
   Visalia Part 1 will take place on April 16 - 18, 2021, and Part 2 on    
   April 23 - 25. The program will include forums, technical talks,        
   DXpedition reports, and award presentations.                            
                                                                           
   Visalia 2021 co-chairs John Miller, K6MM, and Rich Seifert, KE1B,       
   invite questions and suggestions via email. Read more.                  
                                                                         
   Field Day 2020: Balancing Tradition and Safety in the COVID-19 Era      
                                                                           
   The fourth full weekend of the month (June 27 - 28) promises to be      
   different for many amateurs, as the annual ARRL Field Day operating     
   event will be held under unique circumstances. Somehow, the traditions  
   of the weekend must be balanced against the exigencies of the current   
   need to operate safely, in an appropriate social-distancing             
   environment. Most groups have had to adjust their plans to ensure that  
   the physical health of their members is protected.                      
                                                                           
   But that's one of the great things about amateur radio in general and   
   Field Day in particular. There is no one single way to approach the     
   event, and no single goal that defines the success of the weekend. Fun  
   still awaits the tens of thousands of participants. "Business as        
   usual!" for many this year becomes, "How do we address these unique     
   challenges?"                                                            
                                                                           
   An important fact to recognize is the disappointment many will feel at  
   not being able to congregate at their tried-and-true operating location 
   to do their "usual" thing. Groups in some states face fewer             
   restrictions than others -- and that's okay, as Field Day isn't a       
   competition. Most groups will not be able to host the traditional       
   social aspects of the weekend. The covered-dish extravaganza that       
   accompanies a club Field Day may be canceled this year. The interaction 
   of sharing amateur radio with the general public as they wander over to 
   your setup may be non-existent for many groups. The opportunity to test 
   your club's interface with your various served agencies may have to be  
   put off for another time. Your annual teaching session with local youth 
   groups -- scouts, school clubs, CAP cadets -- may have to be revisited  
   down the road, after the situation stabilizes.                          
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Remember: If you operate as a Class D station (home station on          
   commercial power), you may work all other stations, including other     
   Class D stations, for contact credit. All Field Day 2020 entries        
   wishing to have their individual scores credited to their club to be    
   aggregated for a "club score" should add the club name to their summary 
   sheet. Use the Field Day Web Submission Form to turn in your log.       
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Yes, things are going to look and feel different in 2020. But when it   
   comes to the basic activity of Field Day, the event doesn't have to     
   sound different. CW signals will still "light up" the ether. Stations   
   calling "CQ Field Day" on phone will still fill the bands. The unique   
   "warbles" of tried and true -- as well as new and exciting -- digital   
   modes will still beckon the experienced operator and the curious        
   newcomer, inviting them to reach out and make contact in this unique    
   year of social distancing.                                              
                                                                           
   Over the past few weeks, several articles have been posted to the ARRL  
   website with some suggestions on how groups and individuals may vary    
   their participation in Field Day 2020 from previous years. The theme    
   running through them is one that's familiar to amateurs --              
   adaptability.                                                           
                                                                           
   Read more on the ARRL Field Day web page. -- Thanks to Dan Henderson,   
   N1ND                                                                    
   ARRL Podcasts Schedule                                                  
                                                                           
   The latest episode of the On the Air podcast (Episode 6) details        
   everything you need to know about ARRL Field Day, thanks to an          
   interview with ARRL Contest Program Manager Paul Bourque, N1SFE. Learn  
   how to create a simple station setup as a less-experienced operator.    
   The On the Air podcast is a monthly companion to On the Air magazine,   
   ARRL's magazine for beginner-to-intermediate ham radio operators.       
                                                                           
   The latest episode of the Eclectic Tech podcast (Episode 10) will       
   discuss sporadic-E propagation, antenna modeling, a new approach to     
   spray-on antennas, and an unusual form of computer espionage.           
                                                                           
   The On the Air and Eclectic Tech podcasts are sponsored by Icom. Both   
   podcasts are available on iTunes (iOS) and Stitcher (Android) as well   
   as on Blubrry -- On the Air | Eclectic Tech.                            
                                                                         
   Support ARRL as You Shop AmazonSmile for Father's Day                   
                                                                           
   Father's Day is Sunday, June 21. If you're looking for the perfect      
   gift, we invite you to shop at AmazonSmile and choose American Radio    
   Relay League Inc. (ARRL) as your charity of choice. With every purchase 
   you make at AmazonSmile, Amazon will make a contribution that will help 
   to extend ARRL's reach in public service, advocacy, education,          
   technology, and membership. So far in 2020, ARRL has received $2,030,   
   for a total of $40,613. The ARRL Foundation has received $316 this      
   year.                                                                   
                                                                           
   Amazon has the perfect gifts including electronics, apparel, ham radio  
   gear, and more. Get something extra special for Dad this year, while    
   supporting his favorite hobby. Bookmark the ARRL link and support       
   amateur radio and ARRL every time you shop online. AmazonSmile          
   customers can now support ARRL in the Amazon shopping app on iOS and    
   Android mobile phones.                                                  
                                                                           
   Follow these instructions to turn on AmazonSmile and start generating   
   donations:                                                              
     * Open the Amazon Shopping app on your device.                        
     * Go into the main menu of the Amazon Shopping app                    
     * Tap Settings, choose AmazonSmile, and follow the onscreen prompts   
       to complete the process.                                            
                                                                           
   Click here for instructions on updating your Amazon Shopping app.       
   Youth on the Air in the Americas Announces At-Home Bonus Summer         
   Activities                                                              
                                                                           
   Youth on the Air in the Americas is planning additional home-based      
   activities for this summer, due to the postponement of its inaugural    
   summer camp at the National Voice of America Museum of Broadcasting in  
   West Chester Township, Ohio. Virtual YOTA Day will take place on        
   Wednesday, June 24. Activities will include a series of youth-led       
   forums and some competitions that can be done from home -- even without 
   a radio. Virtual YOTA Day begins at 1800 UTC on June 24 and continues   
   until 2400 UTC.                                                         
                                                                           
   Those who had been selected to attend YOTA camp 2020 will be able to    
   meet on Zoom for a day of learning and fun, plus a chance to win        
   prizes, but anyone interested will be able to get in on Virtual YOTA    
   Day via the official Youth on the Air YouTube channel and play along at 
   home. Some activities will include learning how to track down the       
   location of a transmitter without leaving your chair, sharpening        
   contesting skills, and more.                                            
                                                                           
   During the week of June 21 - 26, when the camp was to take place,       
   special event station W8Y will be on the air on all bands and modes.    
   Those selected to attend YOTA Camp 2020 will take turns operating as    
   W8Y throughout the week from the station of their own choosing. Campers 
   should contact Marty Sullaway, NN1C, to be added to the schedule.       
                                                                           
   Youth on the Air will operate Field Day using a remote station in       
   southwestern Ohio. Logging will be done by remote desktop. Campers can  
   sign up at YouthOnTheAir.org for a time slot on the remote station      
   provided by Jay Slough, K4ZLE. Contact Chris Brault, KD8YVJ, with       
   questions.                                                              
                                                                           
   Youth on the Air will be a club choice for Field Day score submissions. 
   Participating operators age 25 or younger choosing to operate Field Day 
   from a home station can contribute their scores to an aggregate club    
   score for this year only. Enter "Youth on the Air" as the club name on  
   the Field Day entry.                                                    
                                                                           
   More information about YOTA in the Americas can be found at             
   YouthOnTheAir.org and on YOTAregion2 on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram,   
   and YouTube.                                                            
                                                                         
   Kids Day in the Age of COVID-19                                         
                                                                           
   Under normal circumstances, Kids Day on Saturday, June 20, would offer  
   an opportunity for individual radio amateurs or clubs to introduce the  
   next generation to amateur radio. This year, however, Kids Day is       
   likely to look a bit different, due to precautions -- both advised and  
   in place -- during the COVID-19 pandemic. ARRL recommends that mentors  
   and young operators adhere to prescribed COVID-19 guidelines in these   
   difficult times.                                                        
                                                                           
   "We encourage you to take the advice of your local and regional health  
   officials as to whether it's wise to gather in groups and what          
   precautions are necessary," ARRL Contest Program Manager Paul Bourque,  
   N1SFE, allowed. "If inviting individual youngsters or groups into your  
   shack is not advisable, look instead into other ways of mentoring       
   youngsters."                                                            
                                                                           
   One possibility, Bourque said, is mentoring over social media, via      
   Zoom, or using other non-contact means. "This year might not be the     
   time to invite youngsters into your shack, but that doesn't mean that   
   you cannot encourage the next generation of amateur radio operators,"   
   he said. "Of course, if you have kids at home you've been trying to     
   interest in ham radio, Kids Day offers the perfect framework, and       
   COVID-19 precautions would not be necessary."                           
                                                                           
   Kids Day gets under way on Saturday, June 20 at 1800 UTC and concludes  
   at 2359 UTC. Sponsored by the Boring (Oregon) Amateur Radio Club, the   
   suggested exchange is first name, age, location, and favorite color.    
   Beyond that, contacts can be as long or as short as each participant    
   prefers.                                                                
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Look for activity on these frequencies: 10 meters: 28.350 - 28.400 MHz; 
   12 meters: 24.960 - 24.980 MHz; 15 meters: 21.360 - 21.400 MHz; 17      
   meters: 18.140 - 18.145 MHz; 20 meters: 14.270 - 14.300 MHz; 40 meters: 
   7.270 - 7.290 MHz, and 80 meters: 3.740 - 3.940 MHz. Repeater contacts  
   are okay with permission of the repeater owner.                         
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   As with any on-the-air activity that includes unlicensed individuals,   
   control operators must observe third-party traffic restrictions when    
   making DX contacts. ditional details are on the ARRL website.         
   The K7RA Solar Update                                                   
                                                                           
   Tad Cook, K7RA, Seattle, reports: We just experienced a nearly 2-week   
   period of daily sunspots! It's been quite some time since we've         
   witnessed a continuous string of activity like this. January 24 -       
   February 1 were 9 consecutive days with sunspot activity, but you'd     
   have to go back to May 3 -18 of last year to find a longer period. This 
   is a possible indication that we've moved past the sunspot minimum.     
                                                                           
   Average daily sunspot number for the June 11 - 17 reporting week was    
   7.9, down from 14 over the previous 7 days. Average solar flux slipped  
   from 71.3 to 70.                                                        
                                                                           
   The planetary A index went from 5.1 to 3.9, and middle latitude numbers 
   dipped from 6.1 to 4.9. The predicted planetary A index is 4 from June  
   18 - August 1. This is unusual, since predicted A index values have     
   never been lower than 5.                                                
                                                                           
   Predicted solar flux for the next 45 days is 70 on June 18-25, abruptly 
   jumping to 77 from June 26 - August 1, also unusual.                    
                                                                           
   Sunspot numbers for June 11 - 17 were 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 0, and 0, for 
   a mean of 7.9. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 71.5, 70.5, 69.4, 70.2,     
   70.4, 69.3, and 68.8, for a mean of 70. Estimated planetary A indices   
   were 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 5, and 5, for a mean of 3.9. Middle latitude A      
   index was 4, 6, 4, 3, 5, 7, and 5, for a mean of 4.9.                   
                                                                           
   A comprehensive K7RA Solar Update is posted Fridays on the ARRL         
   website. For more information concerning radio propagation, visit the   
   ARRL Technical Information Service, read "What the Numbers Mean...,"    
   and check out K9LA's Propagation Page.                                  
                                                                           
   A propagation bulletin archive is available. Monthly charts offer       
   propagation projections between the US and a dozen DX locations.        
                                                                           
   Share your reports and observations.                                    
                                                                         
   Just Ahead in Radiosport                                                
     * June 20 -- Kids Day (Phone)                                         
     * June 20 -- Feld Hell Sprint                                         
     * June 20 -- Battle of Carabobo International Contest (Phone)         
     * June 20 - 21 -- All Asian DX Contest, CW                            
     * June 20 - 21 -- Ukrainian DX Classic RTTY Contest                   
     * June 20 - 21 -- IARU Region 1 50/70 MHz Contest (CW, phone,         
       digital)                                                            
     * June 20 - 21 -- Stew Perry Topband Challenge (CW)                   
     * June 20 - 21 -- West Virginia QSO Party (CW, phone, digital)        
     * June 21 -- WAB 50 MHz Phone                                         
     * June 21 -- Run for the Bacon QRP Contest (CW)                       
     * June 24 -- SKCC Sprint (CW)                                         
     * June 25 -- RSGB 80-Meter Club Championship, SSB                     
                                                                           
   See the ARRL Contest Calendar for more information. For in-depth        
   reporting on amateur radio contesting, subscribe to The ARRL Contest    
   Update via your ARRL member profile email preferences.                  
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Announcements                                                           
     * International Lighthouse Lightship Weekend (ILLW) 2020 will take    
       place over the August 22 - 23 weekend, a week later than usual to   
       avoid conflicting with special events that may be on the air to     
       commemorate the 75th anniversary of the cessation of World War II   
       hostilities in the Pacific.                                         
     * Astronauts Chris Cassidy, KF5KDR, and Robert Behnken, KE5GGX, will  
       conduct spacewalks on June 27 and July 1 outside the International  
       Space Station. The activities will begin the process of replacing   
       batteries for one of the power channels on the orbiting laboratory. 
                                                                           
     * A June 13 SpaceX Falcon 9 vehicle launch placed another 58 Starlink 
       satellites into orbit, bringing the total of the internet service   
       satellites to 540. SpaceX has applied to the FCC to put upward of   
       30,000 Starlink spacecraft into orbit. "Starlink is designed to     
       deliver high-speed broadband internet to locations where access has 
       been unreliable, expensive, or completely unavailable," SpaceX      
       said. "Private beta testing is expected to begin later this summer, 
       followed by public beta testing, starting with higher latitudes."   
     * In a video, "The Last Active Morse Code Station in the US," Shannon 
       Morse, KM6FPP, of Richmond, California, visits coast station KPH,   
       which provided ship-to-shore communication using Morse code.        
       Maritime Radio Historical Society (MRHS) volunteers have preserved  
       and maintain the station and keep it on the air (along with the     
       associated amateur station K6KPH). The COVID-19 pandemic has put    
       KPH off the air "for the duration."                                 
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Tennessee Court of Appeals Affirms Contempt Ruling Against Radio        
   Amateur                                                                 
                                                                           
   A Tennessee Court of Appeals has affirmed a radio amateur's liability   
   for a 30-day jail sentence for violating a court directive to refrain   
   from contacting another radio amateur who had filed a temporary order   
   of protection. The appeals court's June 11 determination upheld a lower 
   trial court ruling that found Michael J. Mgrdichian, ex-N2FUV, of       
   Kodak, in criminal contempt for violating the order by contacting Jamie 
   Faucon, N3FA (ex-AA3JF) of Knoxville via ham radio on three separate    
   occasions. Mgrdichian appealed, primarily asserting that the lower      
   court lacked jurisdiction over the case, because amateur radio is       
   regulated by the FCC, a federal agency.                                 
                                                                           
   Faucon claimed that Mgrdichian had "stalked, threatened, and harassed"  
   her on multiple occasions between 2016 and 2019, claiming that the      
   threats were made via ham radio after Faucon had asked Mgrdichian to    
   cease his actions. Faucon claimed that problems between her and         
   Mgrdichian began after she complained to the FCC, alleging that         
   Mgrdichian was using racially abusive language on the air. That matter  
   was not at issue in the appeals court ruling.                           
                                                                           
   The trial court had issued a temporary protection order for Mgrduchian  
   to cease contacting Faucon, "either directly or indirectly, by phone,   
   email, messages, mail, or any other type of communication or contact."  
                                                                           
   Mgrdichian attempted to have the lower court case dismissed by arguing  
   that state courts do not have jurisdiction over any communication       
   involving amateur radio. The trial court maintained, however, that it   
   did have jurisdiction based on an alleged violation of the temporary    
   protection order.                                                       
                                                                           
   "The [temporary restraining] order did not prohibit [Mgrdichian] from   
   using amateur radio; it did not attempt to establish a permitted level  
   of interference; and it did not originate from, or result in, a         
   nuisance claim," the appeals court reasoned in its ruling. "Instead,    
   the subject matter of this case primarily rests on [Mgrdichian]         
   violating the [temporary restraining] order by contacting [Faucon] on   
   amateur radio. A party's radio usage -- whether it be commercial or     
   amateur -- does not automatically preempt the case from being heard by  
   a state court."                                                         
                                                                           
   The appeals court determined that the trial court had jurisdiction to   
   find Mgrdichian in criminal contempt of court when he violated the      
   temporary restraining order by contacting Faucon via amateur radio.     
                                                                           
   The appeals court upheld findings that Mgrdichian was in contempt of    
   the trial court's order on three occasions, each calling for 10 days in 
   jail and a fine.                                                        
   Amateur Radio Discussed at CEPT Meeting                                 
                                                                           
   International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) Region1 reports the 96th       
   virtual meeting of the European Conference of Postal and                
   Telecommunications ministrations (CEPT) Frequency Management Working  
   Group (FMWG) June 8 - 12 dealt with several amateur radio matters.      
                                                                           
   According to IARU Region 1, the European Common Allocation Table (ECA)  
   was reviewed, resulting in a revised version for consultation with      
   stakeholders. IARU was able to amend the 241 - 250 GHz band entry to    
   correct some errors. The state of the 50 - 52 MHz band in CEPT          
   countries was also updated to take WRC-19 decisions into account. Last  
   year, Ukraine requested that it be included in CEPT ECC Recommendation  
   T/R 61-02, the recommendation that defines the Harmonized Amateur Radio 
   Examination Certificate (HAREC), and this was agreed.                   
                                                                           
   Romania had contacted the FMWG chairman concerning the possibility of   
   introducing electronic amateur radio licensing. This idea been passed   
   to CEPT's Radio Amateur Forum Group for further discussion and possible 
   action.                                                                 
                                                                           
   The meeting also discussed developing a regulatory framework for        
   wireless power transfer (WPT) going forward, and attendees agreed that  
   the CEPT Spectrum Engineering Working Group should continue to study    
   the full range of WPT applications and emissions and that no regulatory 
   steps would be taken until that work is complete. Meeting documents are 
   available.                                                              
   Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions                  
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Note: Many conventions and hamfests have been canceled or postponed due 
   to the coronavirus pandemic. Check the calendar of canceled events on   
   the ARRL website.                                                       
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
     * July 16 - 19 -- Montana State Convention, Essex, Montana            
     * July 24 - 25 -- Oklahoma State Convention, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma  
                                                                           
   Find conventions and hamfests in your area                              
                                                                           
   ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
                                                                           
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