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Text 15785, 581 rader
Skriven 2021-05-07 09:05:18 av Sean Dennis (1:18/200.0)
Ärende: The Weekly ARRL Letter
==============================
   The ARRL Letter                                                         
   May 6, 2021                                                             
                                                                           
     * Ham-Firefighter Rescues Drowning Man from River                      
     * Returning Four-Ham ISS Crew Makes First Nighttime Splashdown Since   
       1968                                                                 
     * ARRL Podcasts Schedule                                               
     * "A Clear Signal of Resilience:" Europe's HAM RADIO Goes Virtual      
       Again This Year                                                     
     * ARRL Learning Network Webinars                                      
     * IEEE Committee Webinar "RF Exposure in the Time of Conspiracies"    
       Set for May 12                                                      
     * Announcements                                                       
     * Wireless Institute of Australia Committee Seeks More HF Ham Radio   
       Spectrum                                                            
     * IARU Region 1 Seeks Opinions on the Future of Amateur Radio         
     * Amateur Radio in the News                                           
     * Russian Robinson Club Announces Activation of Rare IOTA Islands in  
       the Aleutians                                                       
     * In Brief...                                                         
     * The K7RA Solar Update                                               
     * Just Ahead in Radiosport                                            
     * Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions              
   Ham-Firefighter Rescues Drowning Man from River                         
                                                                           
   ARRL member and Edmonson County Emergency Coordinator Tim Skees, K9KSP, 
   a firefighter in Brownsville, Kentucky, was among those responding to   
   an April 23 fire dispatch call he heard on his ham station scanner      
   reporting a possible drowning in the Green River. Radio traffic         
   indicated that the potential victim was a 40-year-old male.             
                                                                           
   "After assessing the information provided by family members at the      
   scene, [I] went downriver approximately 300 yards, located the victim   
   in water, washed up on a shallow rock shoal in the river," Skees told   
   ARRL. "[I] waded out to the victim, dragged him to the riverbank, and,  
   as other responders showed up and came to where the victim was, he was  
   pulled up the bank of the river. He was suffering exposure/hypothermia  
   from being in the cold water for hours."                                
                                                                           
   Skees said the man's family had at first called in the incident as a    
   confirmed drowning. The man was first taken to the vehicle of Edmonson  
   County Emergency Management Director Terry Massey and warmed up until   
   an ambulance could arrive. Massey told local media that the local       
   dispatcher paged the Brownsville Fire Department around 2 AM after a    
   caller had reported a possible drowning at the Brownsville boat ramp.   
                                                                           
   Massey said he and Skees arrived at the area and saw two unoccupied     
   vehicles. "In just a minute, we could hear some yelling down at the     
   river and could tell it was downstream a good ways," he told The        
   Edmonson Voice. Massey said he and Skees followed the commotion and     
   found the man in about a foot of water, lying on his side, and Skees    
   waded in to retrieve him. Massey said that according to others on the   
   scene, the man had fallen into the water while trying to retrieve some  
   fishing gear.                                                           
                                                                           
   "I submit this as a testament to the need of hams to get involved with  
   emergency services and foster good working relationships with           
   [emergency managers] and local agencies," Skees said.                   
   Returning Four-Ham ISS Crew Makes First Nighttime Splashdown Since 1968 
                                                                           
   The International Space Station SpaceX Crew-1 mission with astronauts   
   Michael Hopkins, KF5LJG; Victor Glover, KI5BKC; Shannon Walker, KD5DXB, 
   and Soichi Noguchi, KD5TVP, splashed down safely in the Gulf of Mexico  
   on May 2. It marked NASA's first nighttime splashdown since 1968, the   
   first ever from the ISS, and the first operational mission for SpaceX.  
   Launched last November to carry the crew to the ISS, the Crew Dragon    
   spacecraft Resilience returned the crew to Earth. Crew-1 is the first   
   of six crewed missions NASA and                                         
                                                                           
   (L - R) Expedition 64 Flight                                            
   Engineers and SpaceX Crew-1 members                                     
   Michael Hopkins, KF5LJG; Victor                                         
   Glover, KI5BKC; Shannon Walker,                                         
   KD5DXB, and Soichi Noguchi, KD5TVP.                                     
   [Photo courtesy of NASA]                                                
                                                                           
   SpaceX will fly as part of the agency's Commercial Crew Program, which  
   worked with the US aerospace industry to return rockets, spacecraft,    
   and launches with astronauts to the US.                                 
                                                                           
   "We welcome you back to planet Earth, and thanks for flying SpaceX,"    
   SpaceX mission control official Michael Heiman told the astronauts.     
   "For those of you enrolled in our frequent flier program, you have      
   earned 68 million miles on this voyage."                                
                                                                           
   In advance of departure from the space station, Crew-1 astronaut and    
   Station Commander Walker handed over command of the station to          
   astronaut and Crew-2 member Akihiko Hoshide last week during a change   
   of command and farewell event.                                          
                                                                           
   The Crew Dragon undocked and departed the space station autonomously.   
   In addition to the crew, Resilience will also return important and      
   time-sensitive research to Earth.                                       
                                                                           
   While still in space, some of the returning astronauts had hosted       
   Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) contacts with  
   schools. ARRL is an ARISS sponsor.                                      
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   ARRL Podcasts Schedule                                                  
                                                                           
   The latest episode of the On the Air podcast (Episode 16) focuses on    
   Parks On The Air (POTA), one of the most popular activities taking      
   place in amateur radio today. We chat with Audrey Hance, KN4TMU, a      
   relatively new ham who recently operated from Panther Creek State Park  
   in Tennessee.                                                           
                                                                           
   The latest edition of Eclectic Tech (Episode 33) features a discussion  
   of station troubleshooting with W1AW Station Manager Joe Carcia, NJ1Q.  
                                                                           
   The On the Air and Eclectic Tech podcasts are sponsored by Icom. Both   
   podcasts are available on iTunes (iOS) and Stitcher (Android), as well  
   as on Blubrry -- On the Air | Eclectic Tech.                            
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
                                                                         
   "A Clear Signal of Resilience:" Europe's HAM RADIO Goes Virtual Again   
   This Year                                                               
                                                                           
   The annual HAM RADIO show in Friedrichshafen, Germany, will once again  
   be held virtually. The June event is sponsored by the Deutscher Amateur 
   Radio Club (DARC), in cooperation with Friedrichshafen Fair (Messe      
   Friedrichshafen).                                                       
                                                                           
   "Under the current circumstances, HAM RADIO can no longer take place in 
   June, as planned," said Messe Friedrichshafen CEO Klaus Wellmann. He    
   said to remedy the situation -- and send a clear signal of resilience   
   -- the virtual "Ham Radio World" will take place from June 25 until     
   June 27, the original show dates. mission and participation will be   
   free.                                                                   
                                                                           
   The annual ham radio gathering, known popularly as simply               
   "Friedrichshafen," typically draws between 15,000 and 17,000 visitors   
   from all over Europe and around the world. ARRL has traditionally sent  
   a contingent to staff a booth at HAM RADIO each summer.                 
                                                                           
   This is the second virtual presentation of HAM RADIO due to the         
   COVID-19 pandemic. "This year, Ham Radio World will offer a completely  
   new virtual world in 2D, and its unique live character will be          
   impressive," DARC said.                                                 
                                                                           
   DARC Chair Christian Entsfellner, DL3MBG, said the live character of    
   the event's virtual environment will be recreated in great detail,      
   opening up new possibilities and offering plenty of space for community 
   networking and virtual meetings, in addition to an online lecture       
   program and commercial offerings.                                       
                                                                           
   To allow participants a more personal experience, individual hams       
   represented as customizable avatars "will move around the virtual       
   exhibition grounds and video chat with each other," explained Messe     
   Friedrichshafen Project Manager Petra Rathgeber. Messe Friedrichshafen  
   and DARC are working closely together "to ensure that a diverse line-up 
   of ham radio products, trends, and innovations will await our visitors  
   at the 3-day digital event," she said.                                  
                                                                           
   Ham Radio World will offer presentations and discussions on ham radio   
   topics, as well as a program presented on DARC's virtual stage. Further 
   details are forthcoming.                                                
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   ARRL Learning Network Webinars                                          
                                                                           
   Visit the ARRL Learning Network (a members-only benefit) to register,   
   check on upcoming webinars, and to view previously recorded sessions.   
                                                                           
   HF Noise Mitigation -- ARRL Northwestern Division Director Mike Ritz,   
   W7VO / Thursday, May 6, at 3:30 PM EDT (1930 UTC)                       
                                                                           
   An educational seminar to help both new and experienced HF operators    
   who find themselves plagued with noise. We'll learn what "noise" is,    
   discuss the various noise sources, and talk about how to mitigate those 
   noises using a variety of techniques.                                   
                                                                           
   W1AW Antenna Farm -- W1AW Station Manager Joe Carcia, NJ1Q / Tuesday,   
   May 18, at 1 PM EDT (1700 UTC)                                          
                                                                           
   Experience a bird's-eye view and description of the antennas used by    
   W1AW for the station's scheduled transmissions and visiting operator    
   activity. All the antennas used at W1AW are single-band Yagis. Viewers  
   will also see the 5 GHz sector antennas that are part of W1AW's AREDN   
   system.                                                                 
                                                                           
   The above Learning Network presentations are sponsored by Icom.[IMG]    
                                                                           
   Ask the Lab: How ARRL's Technical Information Service Can Help You --   
   ARRL Laboratory Manager Ed Hare, W1RFI / Tuesday, June 8, at 1 PM EDT   
   (1700 UTC)                                                              
                                                                           
   Learn all about the ARRL Technical Information Service (TIS) and the    
   expert ARRL Laboratory staff who answer thousands of questions each     
   year from members. Get tips about projects, suggestions to address      
   various station installations, and help for some of your most pressing  
   ham radio questions. You'll discover how to search ARRL's extensive     
   Periodicals Archive, find helpful articles, read test reports, access   
   technical forums, and find answers to technical questions.              
                                                                           
   This Learning Network presentation is sponsored by PreppComm.           
                                                                           
   [IMG]                                                                   
                                                                           
   ARRL members may register for upcoming presentations and view           
   previously recorded Learning Network webinars. ARRL-affiliated radio    
   clubs may also use the recordings as presentations for club meetings,   
   mentoring new and current hams, and discussing amateur radio topics.    
                                                                           
   The ARRL Learning Network schedule is subject to change.                
   IEEE Committee Webinar "RF Exposure in the Time of Conspiracies" Set    
   for May 12                                                              
                                                                           
   The IEEE Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR) has issued an           
   invitation to its webinar, "RF Exposure in the Time of Conspiracies."   
   The 1-hour event is set to get under way at 1800 UTC on Wednesday, May  
   12. COMAR is a group of experts on health and safety issues related to  
   electromagnetic fields, from power line through microwave frequency     
   ranges. Its primary focus is on biological effects of non-ionizing      
   electromagnetic radiation.                                              
                                                                           
   [IMG]"The real idea behind the webinar is to highlight some of the news 
   articles, comments, etc. that purport to declare the hazardous nature   
   of exposure to weak RF fields, such as those posed by new 5G wireless   
   communications base stations, explain how they are not scientifically   
   based and, possibly, some ideas on how to better communicate what we    
   really know about potential health effects," said COMAR chair Ric Tell, 
   K5UJU.                                                                  
                                                                           
   Presenters are professional engineer Matt Butcher, KC3WD, and Jerrold   
   Bushberg, a clinical professor of radiology and radiation oncology at   
   the University of California-Davis School of Medicine. He is an expert  
   on the biological effects, safety, and interactions of ionizing and     
   nonionizing radiation; a specialist in risk communication, he holds     
   multiple radiation detection technology patents. Both are COMAR         
   members. Butcher and Tell are also members of the ARRL RF Safety        
   Committee.                                                              
                                                                           
   Tell said that Webex, the platform on which the webinar will be held,   
   imposes a limit of 1,000 simultaneous connections. Those interested may 
   check in at 1730 UTC, a half-hour before the webinar is scheduled to    
   start.                                                                  
                                                                           
   ARRL RF Safety Committee Chair Greg Lapin, N9GL, said the committee     
   devotes a lot of time examining the science to help keep people safe,   
   but, he added, "there remains considerable fear in our society about    
   that exposure. It would be to our benefit to understand what people are 
   thinking."                                                              
                                                                           
   ARRL Lab Manager Ed Hare, W1RFI, said radio amateurs are often asked by 
   neighbors about their stations -- either out of curiosity, or concern   
   that the antennas may pose a safety hazard. "This webinar will help     
   amateurs and the public understand why radio energy at exposure levels  
   found in standards and regulations is safe," Hare said.                 
                                                                           
   Topics on the COMAR webinar agenda include "What is RF?" and "What are  
   the applicable exposure standards?" as well as discussing how to        
   address concerns on the part of the general public, and how to improve  
   communication.                                                          
                                                                           
   COMAR is a technical committee of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and  
   Biology Society. The webinar is free.                                   
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
                                                                         
   Announcements                                                           
     * NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, KG5GNP, is scheduled to make a ham   
       radio contact from the ISS on Friday, May 7, at 12:36 UTC, with     
       students at Green Bank Elementary School, in the shadow of Green    
       Bank Observatory in West Virginia via Amateur Radio on the          
       International Space Station (ARISS). Follow the live stream via     
       Facebook or Zoom starting around 30 minutes before the scheduled    
       contact.                                                            
     * Bringing attention to National Police Week to Honor All Law         
       Enforcement's Fallen Heroes, K3FBI will be on the air from multiple 
       US call districts May 9 - 15.                                       
     * Icom America has named Senior Sales Manager of its Amateur Division 
       Ray Novak, N9JA, to also lead its Marine and Avionics Divisions. In 
       its news release, Icom added, "Ray has an extensive background in   
       the amateur radio industry spanning 32+ years... Throughout his     
       tenure at Icom America, he has managed and worked across multiple   
       divisions and maintains a close working relationship with teams at  
       Icom Japan." Novak is an ARRL Life Member.                          
     * The 2020 ARRL 160 Meter Contest results reflect more than a         
       half-million contacts across nearly 1,700 logs, despite the fact    
       that conditions were "down."                                        
     * The ARRL November Sweepstakes Phone Results show that entries were  
       up by from 1,600 in 2019 to more than 2,000 logs last fall, and the 
       contact count was up by some 81,000. Prince Edward Island (PEI), a  
       new multiplier in 2020, was rare. The single log submitted by VY2NA 
       had 260 contacts, although at least two PEI stations showed up in   
       other logs.                                                         
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Wireless Institute of Australia Committee Seeks More HF Ham Radio       
   Spectrum                                                                
                                                                           
   The Wireless Institute of Australia (WIA) Spectrum Strategy Committee   
   has called for more amateur radio spectrum in the 3 - 12 MHz range. The 
   committee raised the issue in its response to regulator ACMA's Five     
   Year Spectrum Outlook 2021.                                             
                                                                           
   "Global demand for HF amateur spectrum has grown, particularly since    
   the start of the COVID-19 pandemic," the panel said. "Congestion        
   (particularly on the 7 MHz band) from both legitimate and unauthorized  
   illegal transmissions is often severe during times of increased         
   ionospheric propagation." The committee pointed out that heightened     
   global tensions have increased the use of high-power HF radars, "which  
   frequently disrupt HF amateur communications across large segments of   
   spectrum, particularly on the lower-frequency bands."                   
                                                                           
   The committee said increasing HF spectrum access is vital to support    
   sufficient frequency agility, "so that communications can be maintained 
   when large amounts of spectrum are suffering interference from          
   international radar-based intruders."                                   
                                                                           
   The WIA -- Australia's IARU member-society -- intends to seek           
   expansions to amateur bands in the 3 - 12 MHz segment over the next 5   
   years, at least for Australian amateurs, in alignment with              
   international allocations, although the WIA acknowledges that this is a 
   lower priority than other items it has proposed.                        
                                                                           
   The 3 - 12 MHz spectrum is already home to four amateur allocations:    
   80/75 meters, 60 meters, 40 meters, and 30 meters.                      
   IARU Region 1 Seeks Opinions on the Future of Amateur Radio             
                                                                           
   International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) Region 1 (Europe, Africa,      
   Mideast, and Northern Asia) is encouraging radio amateurs everywhere to 
   express their opinions on the future of amateur radio.                  
                                                                           
   [IMG]A survey is under way in advance of an IARU Region 1 Workshop on   
   the subject later this year. The workshop will urge Region 1            
   member-societies to formulate their views on the future direction for   
   amateur radio and the programs needed to ensure that amateur radio      
   develops successfully.                                                  
                                                                           
   "As a first step, work is already under way to develop an understanding 
   of the current state of amateur radio in each country," IARU said. "The 
   input of the amateur community is vital for the success of the          
   workshop."                                                              
                                                                           
   Watch the short video, "What do YOU think about the future of Amateur   
   Radio?" with Raisa Skrynnikova, R1BIG.                                  
                                                                         
   Amateur Radio in the News                                               
                                                                           
   ARRL Public Information Officers, Coordinators, and many other          
   member-volunteers help keep amateur radio and ARRL in the news.         
     * 2016 quakes lead to disaster relief network of ham radio operators  
       / The Asahi Shinbun (Japan), April 30, 2021                         
     * An Important Line of Communication / Searcy Living (Searcy,         
       Arkansas), Issue 2, Volume 21                                       
     * 8-Year-Old Becomes Youngest Ham Radio Operator in Montour County /  
       The Daily Item (Pennsylvania), April 25, 2021                       
     * Hamming It Up / Oklahoma Living Magazine, April 2021                
                                                                           
   Share any amateur radio media hits you spot with us.                    
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Russian Robinson Club Announces Activation of Rare IOTA Islands in the  
   Aleutians                                                               
                                                                           
   The Russian Robinson Club (RRC) has resumed its plans to activate rare  
   Kiska Island (IOTA NA-070) and ak Island (IOTA NA-039) in Alaska's    
   Aleutian Islands chain in July for Islands On The Air (IOTA)            
   enthusiasts. Plans to activate these islands in 2020 were called off    
   because of COVID-19 concerns.                                           
                                                                           
   The uninhabited Kiska Island (52.06ø N, 177.57ø E) lies in the North    
   Pacific's treacherous Bering Sea, which RRC calls one of the most       
   intense patches of ocean on Earth and where strong winds, freezing      
   temperatures, and icy water are the norm. The island also features the  
   prominent conical Kiska volcano. Kiska Island is a National Historic    
   Landmark and part of the Aleutian Islands World War II National         
   Monument and the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR).      
   Permission to visit is required from both Alaska's Maritime National    
   Wildlife Refuge and the US Fish and Wildlife Service.                   
                                                                           
   The KL7RRC team plans to have a minimum of two stations on the air on   
   40 - 6 meters, SSB, CW, and FT8. Operators will place special emphasis  
   on the difficult trans-polar path to Europe.                            
                                                                           
   The 56-foot aluminum sailing vessel Seal will make the 1,000-mile       
   journey along the Aleutians to Kiska with a stop at Dutch Harbor to     
   pick up Tim, NL8F, and the gear sent in advance to his location. The    
   team will continue sailing west to ak Island, where some team members 
   will activate ak Island on June 30 - July 3. The SV Seal will pick up 
   the entire crew there, which will have flown in by July 3. Then, they   
   hope to arrive at Kiska and be on the air as KL7RCC on July 7 - 12,     
   before the return sail to ak and flights home. ditional KL7RRC      
   activity may take place from ak July 14 - 16.                         
                                                                           
   Donations are welcome. QSLs for KL7RRC (Kiska Island NA-070) and KL7RRC 
   (ak Island NA-039) are via N7RO. All donors will receive direct QSLs. 
                                                                           
   Updates will be posted on the Russian Robinson Club website. -- Thanks  
   to Hal Turley, W8HC, via The Daily DX                                   
                                                                           
   A slot is open for a fifth operator. Contact team leader Yuri, N3QQ, if 
   interested.                                                             
   In Brief...                                                             
                                                                           
   Members of the Potomac Valley Radio Club (PVRC) will activate the       
   historic NSS call sign on Saturday, May 8, during the 2021 Armed Forces 
   Day Cross-Band Test. For more than 60 years, military and amateur       
   stations have taken part in this exercise, during which military        
   stations transmit on military frequencies and listen for radio amateurs 
   on adjacent amateur bands. It will take place May 7 - 8, 2021. NSS      
   operation will be from the location of the former US Navy High-Power    
   Radio Station at Greenbury Point in Annapolis, Maryland. NSS began      
   operation in 1918 on VLF, using a pair of Federal Telegraph Company 500 
   kW Poulson arc transmitters and four 600-foot towers. NSS began         
   operations on HF in the 1920s, and operations there continued until     
   1976. NSS was dismantled in 1999, but three of its 600-foot towers      
   remain on Greenbury Point. A commemorative NSS QSL card is available    
   via K3LU (SASE appreciated). -- Thanks to Frank Donovan, W3LPL          
                                                                           
   The semiannual Radio Club of America (RCA) QSO Party takes place on May 
   8. "Band conditions are still not their best, but we still expect       
   plenty of QSOs," RCA Executive Vice President Chip Cohen, W1YW, said.   
   "Come join the fun and contact other club hams and the club's station,  
   W2RCA. All are welcome." The QSO party is open to RCA members and       
   non-members and is SSB only. Activity begins at 1800 UTC and continues  
   until Sunday, May 9, at 0300 UTC. Suggested frequencies are 14.280,     
   7.240, and 3.800 MHz.                                                   
                                                                           
   Former Dayton Hamvention Venue Hara Arena is now a pile of rubble Hara  
   Arena originated as a ballroom in 1956. Dayton Hamvention began using   
   Hara Arena in 1964, when the main 5,500-seat arena was built. Six       
   buildings were added later. Over the years, Hara Arena was home to      
   sports teams, concerts, conventions, and social activities. It closed   
   in August 2016, due to ongoing financial issues and a 20-year-long      
   legal fight over the unresolved estate of founder Harold Wampler.       
   Eventually a new owner was found. In May 2019, Hara was severely        
   damaged by a tornado and considered not worth rebuilding. The           
   building's iconic logo as well as bricks from the structure were to be  
   auctioned for charity. The site has since been cleared for              
   redevelopment, and only piles of rubble remain of the original Hara     
   Arena facility.                                                         
                                                                           
   Ham Census is inviting all radio amateurs to take part in a unique      
   [IMG]survey. The project's organizers are hoping to hear from hams in   
   the US, Canada, and around the world. Survey questions deal with        
   operating preferences, gear, your shack, views on regulations, clubs    
   and associations, and the future of amateur radio. Cemil "Jim" Alyanak, 
   K3MRI, the co-administrator of Ham Census and Ham Community, says the   
   aim of the census is to give operators a louder voice to better inform  
   club leaders, associations, manufacturers, and regulators. "We all want 
   the amateur radio community to grow organically and collaboratively,    
   and for that, we need to know what operators are thinking," he said.    
   Divided into six parts, Ham Census runs year-round, delivering constant 
   updates. Taking and using the survey is free, but only those completing 
   all six sections get access to the complete results.                    
                                                                         
   The K7RA Solar Update                                                   
                                                                           
   Tad Cook, K7RA, Seattle, reports: Our sun seems to have fallen back     
   into a very quiet phase, far different from the way it looked in        
   November 2020. Sunspots disappeared after May 1, and solar flux         
   naturally declined as well.                                             
                                                                           
   Sunspots were visible only for the first 3 days of the April 29 - May 5 
   reporting week, so average daily sunspot number declined from 47.6 last 
   week to 11.9 in the current period. Average daily solar flux slipped by 
   7 points from 79.2 to 72.2. It's odd, but both the average daily        
   planetary and middle latitude A index remained the same for both weeks, 
   10.7 and 9.9, respectively.                                             
                                                                           
   Predicted solar flux for the next month appears listless: 72 on May 6 - 
   7; 74 on May 8 - 9; 76 on May 10 - 11; 75 on May 12 - 13; 77 on May 14; 
   79 on May 15 - 17; 77 on May 18 - 21; 75 on May 22 - 24; 74 on May 25 - 
   26; 72 on May 27; 70 on May 28 - 31, and 72 on June 1 - 4.              
                                                                           
   The planetary A index projection shows 5 on May 6 - 11; 8, 20, and 30   
   on May 12 - 14; 15, 15, and 12 on May 15 - 17; 5 on May 18 - 19; 15 and 
   10 on May 20 - 21; 5 on May 22 - 29; 12 on May 30 - 31; 10 on June 1,   
   and 5 on June 2 - 6.                                                    
                                                                           
   Contester Frank Donovan, W3LPL, says about twice as many geomagnetic    
   storms occur during March and April, as compared to June and July. The  
   ratio of severe (Kp = 8 or 9) storms is much greater. But, he points    
   out, the end of "geomagnetic storm season" doesn't mean the end of      
   geomagnetic storms; two of the most severe (Kp = 8+) geomagnetic storms 
   during Solar Cycle 24 occurred on June 22 and 23, 2015.                 
                                                                           
   Sunspot numbers for April 29 through May 5 were 37, 35, 11, 0, 0, 0,    
   and 0, with a mean of 11.9. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 76.9, 72.9,    
   71.6, 72, 71.6, 70.6, and 69.5, with a mean of 72.2. Estimated          
   planetary A indices were 5, 15, 10, 20, 14, 8, and 3, with a mean of    
   10.7. Middle latitude A index was 4, 15, 10, 16, 12, 8, and 4, with a   
   mean of 9.9.                                                            
                                                                           
   A comprehensive K7RA Solar Update is posted Fridays on the ARRL         
   website. For more information concerning radio propagation, visit the   
   ARRL Technical Information Service, read "What the Numbers Mean...,"    
   and check out K9LA's Propagation Page.                                  
                                                                           
   A propagation bulletin archive is available. For customizable           
   propagation charts, visit the VOACAP Online for Ham Radio website.      
                                                                           
   Share your reports and observations.                                    
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Just Ahead in Radiosport                                                
     * May 7 -- NCCC RTTY Sprint                                           
     * May 7 -- NCCC Sprint (CW)                                           
     * May 7 -- K1USN Slow Speed Test (CW, maximum 20 WPM)                 
     * May 8 - 9 -- Day of the YLs Contest (CW, phone)                     
     * May 8 - 9 -- SARL VHF/UHF Digital Contest                           
     * May 8 - 9 -- CQ-M International DX Contest (CW, phone)              
     * May 8 - 9 -- VOLTA WW RTTY Contest                                  
     * May 8 - 9 -- SKCC Weekend Sprintathon (CW)                          
     * May 8 - 9 -- Arkansas QSO Party (CW, phone)                         
     * May 8 - 9 -- 50 MHz Spring Sprint (CW, phone, digital)              
     * May 9 -- WAB 7 MHz Phone/CW                                         
     * May 10 -- 4 States QRP Group Second Sunday Sprint (CW, phone)       
     * May 10 -- RSGB 80-Meter Club Championship (SSB)                     
     * May 12 -- VHF-UHF FT8 Activity Contest                              
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions                  
                                                                           
   Many conventions and hamfests have been canceled or postponed due to    
   the coronavirus pandemic. Check the calendar of canceled events on the  
   ARRL website.                                                           
     * May 15 - 16 -- The International DX Convention (online)             
     * May 20 - 22 -- Dayton Hamvention (online)                           
     * June 5 -- ARRL Northwestern Division Convention (SEA-PAC; online)   
     * August 13 - 15 -- QSO Today Virtual Ham Expo (online)               
     * August 21 - 22 -- ARRL Southeastern Division Convention (Huntsville 
       Hamfest), Huntsville, Alabama                                       
                                                                           
   Find conventions and hamfests in your area.                             
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
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