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Skriven 2021-10-01 09:05:18 av Sean Dennis (1:18/200.0)
Ärende: The Weekly ARRL Letter
==============================
   The ARRL Letter                                                         
   September 30, 2021                                                      
                                                                           
     * Deaf Pupils Set to Speak with ISS Crew Member in a World-First       
       Event                                                                
     * Amateur Radio Volunteers Assist in Major US Cycling Event            
     * ARRL Podcasts Schedule                                               
     * Past AMSAT President and Director, and Amateur Satellite Pioneer     
       Tom Clark, K3IO, SK                                                 
     * Georgia Gets a New Section Manager; Re-Elected SMs Begin New Terms  
       on October 1                                                        
     * ARRL Learning Network Webinars                                      
     * ARISS Seeks Hosts for Ham Radio Contacts with Space Station Crew    
     * Amateur Radio in the News                                           
     * Many Ham Radio Organizations Represented at 2021 ARRL New England   
       Division Convention                                                 
     * Announcements                                                       
     * In Brief...                                                         
     * The K7RA Solar Update                                               
     * Just Ahead in Radiosport                                            
     * Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions              
   Deaf Pupils Set to Speak with ISS Crew Member in a World-First Event    
                                                                           
   Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) will offer a   
   group of pupils at the Mary Hare School for deaf children in Berkshire, 
   England an opportunity to speak with an astronaut via amateur radio.    
   The contact is expected to take place sometime during October 10 - 17.  
   Mary Hare School, with Pippa Middleton as its Ambassador, is the        
   largest school for the deaf in the UK. The event will mark the first    
   time an ARISS contact has been arranged with a school for deaf youth.   
                                                                           
   "It is a very exciting event -- a world first for deaf pupils," said    
   Alex Ayling, a science teacher at the school. "I think it is very       
   important to our deaf pupils, as it shows whatever your challenges with 
   communication, there is no limit to what you can achieve. The sky is    
   not the limit."                                                         
                                                                           
   Ciaran Morgan, M0XTD, ARISS operations lead for the UK, said that       
   technical aspects of the radio contact are being handled by the         
   ARISS-UK team. The Newbury and District Amateur Radio Society (NADARS)  
   will provide "the amateur radio experience" for the students, through   
   ham radio events and activities at the school. Lessons related to ARISS 
   include a crystal radio, electricity and circuits, forces, energy,      
   sound, electromagnetism, space and space exploration, the ISS, and      
   rocketry.                                                               
                                                                           
   During September, the school has been conducting a competition,         
   inviting students to enter questions from one of five categories --     
   science in space, space technology, living in space, space              
   communication, and Earth from space. The school staff will pick the 10  
   best questions, and those students will be invited to ask their         
   questions. The astronaut's response will then be rendered as text for   
   the students.                                                           
                                                                           
   At the school, an expected audience of 250 socially distanced           
   spectators will be able to see the radio contact firsthand. The         
   remaining students and audience members will be linked in via a web     
   feed.                                                                   
                                                                           
   Amateur radio equipment has been on board the ISS for more than 20      
   years, and most astronauts hold ham radio licenses. A live web feed     
   will be available.                                                      
                                                                           
   Mary Hare School educates some 240 profoundly and severely deaf         
   children, aged 5 - 19, each year.                                       
                                                                           
   In the US, ARISS is sponsored by NASA, the ISS National Laboratory,     
   ARRL, and AMSAT. -- Thanks to UK News                                   
   Amateur Radio Volunteers Assist in Major US Cycling Event               
                                                                           
   Some 115 amateur radio volunteers from five states turned out on        
   September 11 to support communication for the longest single-day        
   US-sanctioned cycling event, LoToJa, now in its 39th year. Starting in  
   Logan, Utah, the 203-mile course ends in Jackson Hole, Wyoming --       
   taking cyclists through northeastern Utah, southeastern Idaho, and      
   western Wyoming in the process. The race attracts thousands of          
   applicants, and upward of 2,000 of them are selected to compete. Some   
   1,700 competed in this year's LoToJa. The event's cyclists and sponsors 
   have contributed more than $2 million for Huntsman Cancer Foundation.   
   Hams from multiple ARRL-affiliated clubs in Utah, including Golden      
   Spike, OARC, and UVARC, participate. The group does "neutral wheel"     
   support (which substitutes wheels and equipment in the event of a       
   failure) as well as first aid, as needed, and provides communications   
   from start to finish. The race deploys four command centers and         
   multiple repeaters.                                                     
                                                                           
   "This year's race will have 600 course volunteers, which includes 150   
   ham radio operators [and helpers] from the Bridgerland Amateur Radio    
   Club. They provide uninterrupted communication throughout LoToJa's      
   mountainous and remote terrain," Race Director Brent Chambers told the  
   Cache Valley Daily.                                                     
                                                                           
   "We take two portable repeaters to the top of mountains, and we deploy  
   multiple APRS digipeaters," explained Kevin Reeve, N7RXE, the           
   coordinator of amateur radio operators and communication systems for    
   LoToJa. "All ham vehicles run APRS, and we have APRS and a radio        
   operator with the race director and race official. Our goal is to help  
   the cyclists, support crews, and families have a safe and enjoyable     
   event."                                                                 
                                                                           
   Ted McArthur, AC7II, heads the communication infrastructure team for    
   the LoToJa hams. In all, nine repeaters and several simplex frequencies 
   are used throughout the event, and APRS plays an important role.        
                                                                           
   "With [an increased] number of mobile vehicles needed to meet a growing 
   event, Net Control stations were spending a lot of radio time asking    
   for position reports," McArthur said. "We needed the air time for real  
   traffic, like helping cyclists, emergencies, and other critical         
   traffic."                                                               
                                                                           
   "LoToJa is such a great event for amateur radio operators to            
   participate in," said Tyler Griffiths, N7UWX. "It is the ARES [Amateur  
   Radio Emergency Service^(R)] radio operator's dream event. We know      
   where it starts, we know where it ends, but everything that happens in  
   between is different from year to year."                                
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
                                                                         
   ARRL Podcasts Schedule                                                  
                                                                           
   The latest episode of the On the Air podcast (Episode 21) features a    
   discussion with Steve Goodgame, K5ATA, about the new edition of The     
   ARRL Handbook and how it can be useful to new hams.                     
                                                                           
   The latest edition of Eclectic Tech (Episode 43) features a chat with   
   Glen Popiel, KW5GP, about his new ARRL book More Arduino for Amateur    
   Radio.                                                                  
                                                                           
   The On the Air and Eclectic Tech podcasts are sponsored by Icom. Both   
   podcasts are available on iTunes (iOS) and Stitcher (Android) as well   
   as on Blubrry -- On the Air | Eclectic Tech.                            
   Past AMSAT President and Director, and Amateur Satellite Pioneer Tom    
   Clark, K3IO, SK                                                         
                                                                           
   AMSAT-NA Past President and ham radio satellite and digital pioneer Tom 
   Clark, K3IO (ex-W3IWI), of Columbia, Maryland, died on September 28     
   after a short illness and hospital stay. An ARRL Life Member and ARRL   
   Maxim Society and Diamond Club member, he was 82. Clark's               
   accomplishments are legendary, and he left a lasting footprint on the   
   worlds of amateur radio satellites and digital techniques.              
                                                                           
   "His longtime technical achievements, mentoring to others, and          
   technical leadership will be missed by his many peers and friends the   
   world over," said Bob McGwier, N4HY.                                    
                                                                           
   To honor Clark, AMSAT has rebranded its upcoming annual gathering as    
   The 2021 AMSAT Dr. Tom Clark, K3IO, Memorial Space Symposium and Annual 
   General. It will take place on October 30 via Zoom. (AMSAT members may  
   register to attend via AMSAT's Member Portal.) The event will be        
   livestreamed on AMSAT's YouTube channel.                                
                                                                           
   A founding member of Tucson Amateur Packet Radio (TAPR), Clark was a    
   cofounder of the TAPR/AMSAT DSP Project, which led to software-defined  
   radio. He was a leader in the development of the AX.25 packet radio     
   protocol. Clark served as AMSAT's second president, from 1980 until     
   1987. He also served on the AMSAT and TAPR Boards.                      
                                                                           
   In concert with McGwier, Clark developed the first amateur DSP          
   hardware, including a number of modems. He developed the uplink         
   receivers and the spacecraft LAN architecture used on all the Microsats 
   (Oscars 16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 27, and 31). McGwier said it was Clark who  
   convinced him in 1985 that the future lay in DSP.                       
                                                                           
   "We started the TAPR/AMSAT DSP project, and it was announced in 1987,"  
   McGwier recounted. "We showed in our efforts that small stations with   
   small antennas could bounce signals off the moon, and using the power   
   of DSP, we could see the signals in our computer displays." This led to 
   the software-defined transponder (SDX) for satellite work, including    
   ARISSat and AMSAT's Phase 3E.                                           
                                                                           
   Clark received a doctorate in astro-geophysics from the University of   
   Colorado. He went on to serve as Chief of the Astronomy Branch at NASA  
   Marshall Space Flight Center and was a Senior Scientist at NASA Goddard 
   Space Flight Center, where he was principal investigator for the Very   
   Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) activity.                           
                                                                           
   In 2005, he became the first non-Russian to be awarded the Special      
   Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences for his contributions to the   
   international VLBI network. He is a member of the 2001 class of CQ      
   Magazine's Amateur Radio Hall of Fame.                                  
                                                                           
   In 2016, ARRL awarded Clark with its President's Award, to recognize    
   his 60 years of advancing amateur radio technology. On that occasion,   
   McGwier said, "There would be no AMSAT to inspire all of this work      
   without Tom Clark. Tom...saved the organization and inspired all of us  
   to look to the future and aim for the stars," McGwier said.             
                                                                           
   Clark was a Fellow of the American Geophysical Society and the          
   International Association of Geodesy.                                   
                                                                         
   Georgia Gets a New Section Manager; Re-Elected SMs Begin New Terms on   
   October 1                                                               
                                                                           
   Jim Millsap, K9APD, will become the ARRL Georgia Section Manager (SM)   
   on Friday, October 1. Millsap, of Acworth, was the only candidate who   
   applied by the June 4 nomination deadline. Millsap has been an ARRL     
   Emergency Coordinator and District Emergency Coordinator. He also       
   served as the ARRL Southeastern Division Vice Director from 2012 to     
   2014. Outgoing SM David Benoist, AG4ZR, of Senoia, decided not to run   
   for a new term after serving since November 2016.                       
                                                                           
   These incumbent SMs faced no challengers in the summer election cycle   
   and will also begin new 2-year terms of office on October 1: Robert     
   Wareham, N0ESQ (Colorado); Diana Feinberg, AI6DF (Los Angeles), Carol   
   Milazzo, KP4MD (Sacramento Valley); Bill Hillendahl, KH6GJV (San        
   Francisco); Stuart Wolfe, KF5NIX (South Texas); Monte Simpson, W7FF     
   (Western Washington), and Dan Ringer, K8WV (West Virginia).             
                                                                           
   Eastern Washington Section Manager Jo Whitney, KA7LJQ, was also the     
   only nominee when the June 4 nomination deadline arrived. Whitney, of   
   Yakima, was initially scheduled to start her elected term of office on  
   October 1. However, she was appointed to start her term of office on    
   July 1 after outgoing SM Jack Tiley, AD7FO, stepped down before the     
   completion of his term.                                                 
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   ARRL Learning Network Webinars                                          
                                                                           
   Visit the ARRL Learning Network (a members-only benefit) to register,   
   check on upcoming webinars, and to view previously recorded sessions.   
                                                                           
   ARRL members may register for upcoming presentations and view           
   previously recorded Learning Network webinars. ARRL-affiliated radio    
   clubs may also use the recordings as presentations for club meetings,   
   mentoring new and current hams, and discussing amateur radio topics.    
                                                                           
   Working the Pileup, presented by Ron Delpiere-Smith, KD9IPO / Tuesday,  
   October 5, 2021 @ 1:00 pm EDT (1700 UTC)                                
                                                                           
   Ron Delpiere-Smith, KD9IPO, Vice President of the Chicago Suburban      
   Radio Association and an ARRL Assistant Section Manager in Illinois,    
   will offer an enlightening discussion on working a pileup from both     
   sides of the contact. Whether your interest lies in ARRL Field Day,     
   contesting, special events, or rare DX, this is a must-see              
   presentation. Ron will discuss search-and-pounce and running            
   techniques, when to use them, and some tips on working them to your     
   advantage.                                                              
                                                                           
   The ARRL Learning Network schedule is subject to change.                
                                                                         
   ARISS Seeks Hosts for Ham Radio Contacts with Space Station Crew        
                                                                           
   Starting on October 1, Amateur Radio on the International Space Station 
   (ARISS) will accept applications from US schools, museums, science      
   centers, and community youth organizations (individually or working     
   together) interested in hosting amateur radio contacts with crew        
   members on the International Space Station (ISS). Contacts will be      
   scheduled between July 1 and December 31, 2022. Crew scheduling and ISS 
   orbits will determine the exact contact dates. ARISS is looking for     
   organizations that will draw a sizeable number of participants and      
   integrate the contact into a well-developed education plan.             
                                                                           
   The deadline to submit is November 24. Proposal information and more    
   details, including expectations, proposal guidelines, and a proposal    
   form are on the ARISS-US website. An ARISS introductory webinar session 
   will be held on October 7 at 8 PM ET (2400 UTC). Sign up for the        
   webinar via Eventbrite.                                                 
                                                                           
   Each year, ARISS provides tens of thousands of students with            
   opportunities to learn about space technologies and communications      
   through amateur radio. Crew members aboard the ISS will participate in  
   scheduled amateur radio contacts. These contacts are approximately 10   
   minutes long and allow students to interact with the astronaut through  
   a question-and-answer session.                                          
                                                                           
   The program offers learning opportunities by connecting students to     
   orbiting astronauts through a partnership that includes ARRL, AMSAT,    
   and NASA, as well as other amateur radio organizations, and space       
   agencies in Russia, Canada, Japan, and Europe. The program's goal is to 
   inspire students to pursue interests and careers in science,            
   technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), as well as amateur     
   radio.                                                                  
                                                                           
   "Educators overwhelmingly report that student participation in the      
   ARISS program stimulates interest in STEM subjects and in STEM          
   careers," ARISS said in their announcement regarding the contact        
   opportunities. ARISS says enthusiasm sparked by a school contact may    
   also lead to an interest in ham radio among students and to the         
   creation of ham radio clubs in schools. Some educators have even become 
   radio amateurs after experiencing a contact with an ISS crew member.    
                                                                           
   ARISS is celebrating 20 years of continuous amateur radio operations on 
   the ISS. Contact ARISS-US for additional information.                   
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Amateur Radio in the News                                               
                                                                           
   ARRL Public Information Officers, Coordinators, and many other          
   member-volunteers help keep amateur radio and ARRL in the news.         
     * Simulated Emergency Test Saturday for local ham radio operators /   
       The Monroe News (Michigan) September 28, 2021                       
     * Amateur radio group marks 80 years of community service during      
       disasters / Star vertiser (Pennsylvania) September 28, 2021       
     * Volunteer Radio Operators Are A Lifesaver During Emergencies In The 
       San Bernardino National Forest / LAist (California) September 22,   
       2021                                                                
     * The Quietest Place in America (Greenbank, West Virginia) /          
       LethbridgeNewsNow (Alberta, Canada) September 21, 2021              
                                                                           
   Share any amateur radio media hits you spot with us.                    
                                                                         
   Many Ham Radio Organizations Represented at 2021 ARRL New England       
   Division Convention                                                     
                                                                           
   This year's Northeast HamXposition drew about 1,200 attendees to its    
   new location in Marlborough, Massachusetts, during September 10 - 12.   
   The event hosted the ARRL New England Division Convention, and was      
   formerly held about 15 miles away in Boxborough, Massachusetts. This    
   was the first year the convention was held at this location because the 
   event was canceled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Event proceeds 
   go to the New England FEMARA Scholarship fund, which helps students     
   attend a college or trade school of their choice. Scholarships are      
   administered by the ARRL Foundation Scholarship Program.                
                                                                           
   HamXposition Chairman Bob DeMattia, K1IW, and his committee said they   
   were pleased with the turnout, given last year's cancellation and this  
   year's new venue. The event was held at the Best Western Royal Plaza    
   Hotel and Trade Center in Marlborough. Although there were some         
   last-minute cancellations from a handful of exhibitors and presenters,  
   W1 QSL Bureau Co-Manager Eric Williams, KV1J, believed that there was   
   "remarkably good attendance," despite the concerns of COVID-19. The W1  
   QSL Bureau team included ARRL Director of Operations Bob Naumann, W5OV, 
   who checked DXCC and other ARRL award applications throughout the       
   convention.                                                             
                                                                           
   Sci-Tech Amateur Radio Society                                          
   (STARS) hosted a hands-on activity.                                     
   [Bob Inderbitzen, NQ1R, photo]                                          
                                                                           
   In addition to ARRL Vice President Mike Raisbeck, K1TWF, and New        
   England Division Director Fred Hopengarten, K1VR, the 2021 ARRL         
   convention team included New England Division Vice Director Phil        
   Temples, K9HI; Field Services Manager Mike Walters, W8ZY; Senior Member 
   Services Representative Kim McNeill, KM1IPA; Director of Operations Bob 
   Naumann, W5OV, and Public Relations and Innovation Director Bob         
   Inderbitzen, NQ1R. Several Section Managers and other Field             
   Organization volunteers also supported the convention. Raisbeck and     
   Temples also served as the convention's Vice Chair and Program Chair,   
   respectively.                                                           
                                                                           
   The Nashua Area Radio Society (NARS) of New Hampshire demonstrated a    
   variety of activities to encourage new licensees to become "radio       
   active." NARS was among several radio clubs and organizations that      
   staffed visitor booths at the event.                                    
                                                                           
   Members of the Women Radio Operators of New England (WRONE) hosted an   
   exhibit for the Young Ladies' Radio League (YLRL), represented by       
   District 1 YL Barbara Irby, KC1KGS, and Anne Manna, WB1ARU. These       
   organizations encourage and assist women entering the Amateur Radio     
   Service.                                                                
                                                                           
   Sci-Tech Amateur Radio Society (STARS) of New England Sci-Tech in       
   Natick, Massachusetts, offered a hands-on exhibit and conducted a youth 
   panel. STARS is hosted by the STEM Education Center and Makerspace at   
   New England Sci-Tech.                                                   
                                                                           
                                      ARRL members Mark Stenning, AA1AC    
                                      (left), of Newport, Rhode Island,    
                                      and Christopher Stenning, K1XHX, of  
                                      East Greenwich, Rhode Island, were   
                                      among those operating from special   
                                      event station W1A, organized for the 
                                      convention by members of the Yankee  
                                      Clipper Contest Club. [Bob           
                                      Inderbitzen, NQ1R, photo]            
                                                                           
   DXCC and Contest Dinner speaker rian Ciuperca, KO8SCA, recapped the   
   DXpedition and IARU Contest activities and activations from Market Reef 
   and Åland Islands. On Saturday, the banquet speaker was Philip J.       
   Erickson, W1PJE, of Haystack Observatory, operated by Massachusetts     
   Institute of Technology (MIT). Erickson discussed HamSCI's latest       
   ionospheric science investigations, supported in partnership with radio 
   amateurs and scientists from Haystack Observatory and other             
   institutions.                                                           
                                                                           
   The ARRL leadership team hosted an ARRL Membership Forum on Saturday.   
   ARRL Washington Counsel Dave Siddall, K3ZJ, was among the attendees.    
                                                                           
   Inderbitzen's keynote address on Saturday morning included a tribute to 
   the September 11 attacks and a color guard supported by the local Boy   
   Scouts of America. He also attended the youth panel and met with many   
   young hams, parents, and their advisors throughout the event, including 
   Olin College of Engineering undergraduate Zachary Sherman, KC1NXK, who  
   exhibited for Olin Collegiate Amateur Radio Club, KC1LHR. -- Thanks to  
   Bob Inderbitzen, NQ1R, ARRL Public Relations and Innovation Director    
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Announcements                                                           
     * WSJT-X 2.5.0 is now in general release and is available on the      
       WSJT-X website. New features are described in the WSJT-X User Guide 
       and in the Release Notes. If you will use the new Q65 mode, read    
       the Quick-Start Guide to Q65.                                       
     * Yasutaka Narusawa, JR2XEA, of the Komaki Amateur SATCOM Club has    
       announced that Z-Sat is set to launch on October 1. Radio amateurs  
       are asked to listen for the CW beacon on 145.875 MHz and forward    
       reports.                                                            
     * The 3Y0J Bouvet Island DXpedition team will implement a new feature 
       on its website where you can get the latest news, discuss           
       [IMG]topics with the team, get feedback and hints, interact with    
       operators, and more.                                                
     * WW0WWV from the WWV Amateur Radio Club is a special event call sign 
       to mark WWV's 102 years. WW0WWV will be on the airwaves September   
       30 - October 3.                                                     
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   In Brief...                                                             
                                                                           
   The AO-92 and FalconSAT-3 satellites have been shut down. AO-92         
   (Fox-1D) had started to change its behavior after a number of weeks of  
   being powered on. In particular, the integrated housekeeping unit (IHU) 
   switched to safe mode. This was likely due to low voltage during        
   eclipse, which is when it should be drawing very little power if no one 
   uses it. Mark Hammond, N8MH, also reported that he was turning off      
   FalconSAT-3's transmitter, due to low voltage. -- Thanks to Burns       
   Fisher, WB1FJ, AMSAT Engineering Team, via AMSAT News Service           
                                                                           
   The IARU Region 1 Monitoring System finds Radio France International    
   splatter "untenable." The International Amateur Radio Union Region 1    
   Monitoring System (IARUMS) August newsletter reports that Radio France  
   International was active daily between 2100 and 2200 UTC on 7205 kHz.   
   The report says splattering appeared "massively" down to 7186 kHz,      
   which IARUMS called "an untenable condition." IARUMS said that the      
   "especially well-known intruders" included Voice of Broad Masses (VOBM) 
   on 7140 and 7180 kHz from Eritrea. "From time to time, China Radio      
   International was heard on 14,000 kHz (and intermodulation of 13,855    
   kHz and 13,710 kHz)." The usual players among the over-the-horizon      
   radar (OTH-R) systems also were active almost daily. Intruding signals  
   heard in IARU Region 1 may be causing problems elsewhere in the world.  
                                                                           
   Pocket calculator inventor and home computing pioneer Sir Clive         
   Sinclair died at his home on September 16 following a long illness. He  
   was 81. Sinclair may have been best known for popularizing the home     
   computer. Leaving school at 17, he worked for 4 years as a technical    
   journalist to fund Sinclair Radionics and created the Sinclair Spectrum 
   and the first computer, the Sinclair ZX-81. Many modern-day titans of   
   the games industry got their start on one of his ZX models. Back in the 
   day, the gamer's computer of choice was either the ZX Spectrum 48K or   
   its rival, the Commodore 64. Among his other inventions was a           
   coin-sized radio. Despite his computer background, Sinclair declined to 
   use the internet, email, or even computers.                             
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   The K7RA Solar Update                                                   
                                                                           
   Tad Cook, K7RA, Seattle, reports: Sunspot activity was up over the past 
   week, with the average daily sunspot number rising from 28.7 to 59.4,   
   and average daily solar flux up 11.4 points to 89.8.                    
                                                                           
   The noon 10.7-centimeter solar flux was 101.6 on Wednesday, September   
   29, the highest value since December 3, 2020, when it was 102.9.        
                                                                           
   Geomagnetic indicators were quiet, with average daily planetary A index 
   values declining from 9.1 to 7.3, and average middle latitude A index   
   from 8.4 to 6.3.                                                        
                                                                           
   Predicted solar flux is 100, 105, 110, and 105 on September 30 -        
   October 3; 95, 90, and 85 on October 4 - 6; 74 on October 7 - 9; 78 on  
   October 10 - 12; 80 on October 13; 84, on October 14 - 15; 86 on        
   October 16 - 17; 88 on October 18 - 22; 86 on October 23 - 25; 84 on    
   October 26; 80 on October 27 - 29; 78 on October 30 - 31; 76 on         
   November 1, and 74 on November 2 - 5.                                   
                                                                           
   Predicted planetary A index is 12, 24 and 10 on September 30 - October  
   2; 5 on October 3 - 9; 12 on October 10; 5 on October 11 - 17; 10, 12,  
   10, and 8 on October 18 - 21; 5 on October 22 - 23; 18, 15, and 12 on   
   October 24 - 26; 5 on October 27 - 30; 8 on October 31; 12 on November  
   1, and 5 on November 2 - 5.                                             
                                                                           
   Sunspot numbers for September 23 - 29 were 75, 75, 38, 67, 30, 57, and  
   74, with a mean of 59.4. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 89.7, 88.4, 88.4, 
   86.3, 85.3, 88.9, and 101.6, with a mean of 89.8. Estimated planetary A 
   indices were 11, 8, 7, 3, 7, 10, and 5, with a mean of 7.3. Middle      
   latitude A index was 10, 6, 7, 2, 6, 9, and 4, with a mean of 6.3.      
                                                                           
   A comprehensive K7RA Solar Update is posted Fridays on the ARRL         
   website. For more information concerning radio propagation, visit the   
   ARRL Technical Information Service, read "What the Numbers Mean...,"    
   and check out the Propagation Page of Carl Luetzelschwab, K9LA.         
                                                                           
   A propagation bulletin archive is available. For customizable           
   propagation charts, visit the VOACAP Online for Ham Radio website.      
                                                                           
   Share your reports and observations.                                    
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Just Ahead in Radiosport                                                
     * September 29 -- UKEICC 80-Meter Contest (CW)                        
     * October 2 -- German Telegraphy Contest                              
     * October 2 -- Oceania DX Contest (phone)                             
     * October 2 -- Two-Meter Classic Sprint (CW, phone)                   
     * October 2 - 3 -- California QSO Party (CW, phone)                   
     * October 2 - 3 -- TRC DX Contest (CW, phone)                         
     * October 2 - 3 -- Russian WW Digital Contest                         
     * October 2 - 3 -- International Hell Contest                         
     * October 2 - 3 -- SKCC QSO Party (CW)                                
     * October 3 -- RSGB DX Contest (CW, phone)                            
     * October 3 -- UBA ON Contest (SSB)                                   
     * October 3 -- Peanut Power QRP Sprint (CW, phone)                    
     * October 4 -- RSGB 80-Meter Autumn Series (CW)                       
                                                                           
   For more information, visit the ARRL Contest Calendar.                  
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions                  
                                                                           
   Some conventions and hamfests may have been canceled or postponed due   
   to the coronavirus pandemic. Check the calendar of canceled events on   
   the ARRL website.                                                       
     * October 2 -- ARRL South Carolina Section Convention (Rock Hill      
       Hamfest), Rock Hill, South Carolina                                 
     * October 8 - 9 -- ARRL Florida State Convention (Melbourne Hamfest), 
       Melbourne, Florida                                                  
     * October 8 - 9 -- ARRL Louisiana State Convention (Slidell EOC       
       Hamfest), Slidell, Louisiana                                        
     * October 15 - 17 -- ARRL Pacific Division Convention (Pacificon),    
       San Ramon, California                                               
                                                                           
   Find conventions and hamfests in your area.                             
                                                                           
     -------------------------------------------------------------------   
                                                                           
   ARRL --  Your One-Stop Resource for                                     
   Amateur Radio News and Information                                      
                                                                           
     * Join or Renew Today! Eligible US-based members can elect to receive 
       QST or On the Air magazine in print when they join ARRL or when     
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       editions of all four ARRL magazines: QST, On the Air, QEX, and NCJ. 
     * Listen to ARRL Audio News, available every Friday.                  
     * The ARRL Letter is available in an accessible format, posted weekly 
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       discussions about amateur radio as it concerns blind hams, plus     
       related topics including ham radio use of adaptive technology.      
                                                                           
   Subscribe to...                                                         
     * NCJ --  National Contest Journal. Published bimonthly, features     
       articles by top contesters, letters, hints, statistics, scores, NA  
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       bimonthly, features technical articles, construction projects,      
       columns, and other items of interest to radio amateurs and          
       communications professionals.                                       
                                                                           
   Free of charge to ARRL members...                                       
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     * Find ARRL on Facebook! Follow us on Twitter and Instagram!          
     ----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                           
   The ARRL Letter is published Thursdays, 50 times each year. ARRL members
   and registered guests may subscribe at no cost or unsubscribe by editing
   their profile.                                                          
                                                                           
   Copyright (c) 2021 American Radio Relay League, Incorporated. Use and   
   distribution of this publication, or any portion thereof, is permitted for
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