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Version 1.1 Nov 23, 2003

Windows XP: Surviving the First Day
SANS Institute Internet Storm Center

Since its release, a number of severe security vulnerabilities have
been discovered in Windows XP. These vulnerabilities are used by
worms and viruses, making it impossible to connect an unsecured,
unpatched system to the Internet for any amount of time without
risking exposure and infection. Users of new computers are faced
with the dilemma of being infected by these worms before being able
to download the necessary patches.

This guide will show how to install Windows XP securely, without
being infected by these worms during the patching process.


Introduction

The target audience for this guide are home users and small businesses
without a firewall, who rely on downloading patches from Microsoft 
directly. This guide is not a ?Windows hardening? guide. See the 
reference section at the end for more details regarding hardening 
Windows. Steps outlined in this guide should be seen as minimum due 
diligence to make it through the first day of using Microsoft Windows 
XP. 

Screen-shots are from Windows XP Professional Edition. However, all
steps outlined here apply to the 'Home' edition as well.

The guide assumes a new Windows XP install 'from scratch' using the
Windows XP CD. If you buy a computer with Windows XP pre-installed, some 
of these steps may already have been performed for you. Please see the 
guide for details. If you are already logged in, skip to the 'Verify 
Settings' section.

To keep this guide short, only critical steps are shown. All other 
settings can be left in their default state or should be selected in 
accordance with your preferences (e.g. language, time zone).


Preparations

Unpack your new PC according to the manufacturer's instructions. DO NOT
CONNECT THE PC TO ANY NETWORK OR PHONE LINE. If the computer includes a 
wireless network card, turn off any wireless access points within range
if possible. Follow the manufacturers instructions to disable the 
wireless network card.

Once you take these precautions, turn the system on. If Windows XP is 
not pre-installed, boot from your Windows XP install CD. 


Install 


Administrator Password

Early in the setup process, you will be given the option to configure an
Administrator account password. Use a strong password. Characteristics 
of a good password:
* at least 8 characters long
* contains letters, numbers and other characters
* not a dictionary word
* not easily guessed (e.g. pet names, birthdays ...)

You may want to adjust the computer name to reflect your naming scheme.
The computer name may be visible to others, so don't use your password 
or social security number.


Network Settings

You have to select 'custom' network settings in order to gain access to 
the network component dialog.

Next, you will arrive at the Networking Components dialog. Unselect the
"Client for Microsoft Networks" and the "File and Printer Sharing for 
Microsoft Networks". If you require these components for your network, 
you will be able to enable them later after you have patched the system.


Internet Connection

After a few more dialogs, Windows will switch to a higher resolution 
and ask you for your network connection. Most likely, you will select 
'connect directly to the Internet', unless you have a Local Area Network 
and use one host on the network as a gateway. Select whichever option is 
appropriate for your network, even though you are not currently 
connected to it.


Activation

You will not be able to activate Windows XP at this point. Select 'No, 
remind me every few days'. You will have to register your copy of 
Windows XP within 30


User Setup

Important:
Users you setup here will have "Administrator" access and no password.
This is a bad combination if unauthorized users will have access to this 
system. However, by default, Windows XP prevents network access using 
accounts without password. As a result, these accounts will not expose 
you to network based attacks.

Review your Windows XP documentation to learn how to limit these
accounts.


Verify Network Settings

After completing the installation, you will be able to log in to your 
system. In particular if Windows XP was pre-installed on your system, 
you should check the network settings.

First, launch the control panel from the 'Start' menu:

In the control panel, select 'Network and Internet Connections'

Next, select 'Network Connections'

Select your network connection. There should be only one at this point. If you
have more than one network connection, you have to repeat these steps for each
connection.

The "Local Area Connection Properties" dialog should show the "Client for
Microsoft Networks" and the "File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks"
unchecked. If they are checked, uncheck them now.

Next select the "Advanced' tab in this dialog

Make sure the Internet Connection Firewall is enabled.

Close all dialogs and reboot the system.


Windows Update (1st Pass)

At this point, your system should be secure enough to connect it to the
Internet. If you made any changes in the last step, you may want to 
review that they are still active after the reboot. Next, connect your 
system to the network.

Once the system is connected to the network, enter the "Control Panel"
again, and select "Windows Update" from the small menu at the left hand 
side.

This will launch Internet Explorer and open the windows update web site. 
A dialog will ask you for permission to install the latest version of 
Windows Update. Click 'Yes'. You may select "Always trust content from 
Microsoft Corporation" if you don't want to be confronted with this 
dialog in the future. This implies that you trust the Windows code 
signing procedures.

After the latest version of the Windows Update software is installed, 
you will have to reboot your system.

IMPORTANT: At this point, your system is not yet patched. Only the 
update software is updated.


Windows Update (2nd Pass)

After the system reboots, start Windows Update again. This time, you 
will be asked to scan for updates.

Once the scan is completed, click 'Review and install updates'
if you are asked to send information over the Internet, click "Yes"

Next, select 'Install Now'

Depending on which version of Windows XP you install, it may not be
possible to install all available updates at the same time. In 
particular service packs, which include a large number of patches, will 
have to be installed first.

The next dialog will advise you of such a case. Click 'Ok'

The following screens will ask you to accept the license agreement and 
the updates will be installed once you accept the agreement.

After the update finishes, reboot the system and run Windows Update 
again until no more critical updates are available.


Additional Tips

Please check the "References" section for more detailed guides. Also, 
if you are installing any additional software, like Microsoft Office, or 
if you are enabling any server functions (file sharing, Internet 
Information Server), consult specific hardening guides.

Aside from keeping your system up to date, running a virus checker is
probably one of the best things you can do. Again, review the 
"References" section for details.


References

* Microsoft Security Guide: http://www.microsoft.com/security/protect/.
* Microsoft Security Page: http://www.microsoft.com/security.
* Participating in the Internet Storm Center:
http://www.dshield.org/clients/windows_xp_firewall_setup.php.
http://www.dshield.org/howto.php.
* SANS Reading Room: http://www.sans.org/rr.
* SANS Track 5: Securing Windows.
http://www.sans.org/conference/bytrack.php#t5
* NSA Security Guides: http://nsa.gov/snac/index.html
* Center for Internet Security: http://www.cisecurity.org.


Acknowledgments

I would like to thank our Internet Storm Center "Handler" team for 
valuable input. In particular: Scott Fendley, Deb Hale, Marcus Sachs, 
Donald Smith. Other contributors: David Hart, Wayne Larmon, Bjorn 
Stromberg.


Disclaimers

Microsoft, Windows, Windows XP are trademarks or registered trademarks 
of Microsoft Corporation. This document may be copied and shared freely 
in its original form without alteration. Please do not offer copies 
online, but instead link to the original at http://isc.sans.org to 
avoid distributing outdated versions. This document may contain errors. 
In no event shall the SANS Institute be liable for any damages resulting 
from the application of procedures outlined in this document.
Contact for suggestions/questions: isc@sans.org

Windows XP: Surviving the First Day (Checklist)

[] Disconnect Network Connection.
[] Setup a secure administrator password.
[] Disable Client for Microsoft Networks
To verify: Start > Control Panel > Internet and Network
Connections > Network Connection > select your network
connection
[] Disable File and Printer sharing
verify using the same dialog as 'Client for Microsoft
Networks'
[] Enable Internet Connection Firewall
same dialog as 'Client for Microsoft Networks'. Select
'Advanced' tab. 

Connect Network 

[] Run Windows Update until there are no more critical updates.
Start > Control Panel > Windows Update > Scan for
Updates

(C) SANS Institute Internet Storm Center  http://isc.sans.org

 
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