Text 15596, 113 rader
Skriven 2020-01-20 16:42:02 av Sean Dennis (1:18/200.0)
Ärende: The last radio station
==============================
(There is a really nice video that accompanies this article if you read this
at the link listed below. -- Sean)

From:
https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/18/the-last-radio-station/

                             The last radio station

   Chris Gates

   North of Silicon Valley, protected by the Point Reyes National Seashore,
   is the only operational ship-to-shore maritime radio station. Bearing the
   call sign KPH, the Point Reyes Station is the last of its kind.

   KPH is divided between two physical stations: one, knows as the voice, is
   responsible for transmitting; the other half of the station, known as the
   ears, was where human operators listened for incoming messages. The voice
   is located 11 miles north of Point Reyes in the small town of Bolinas,
   Calif., and the ears reside within the Point Reyes National Seashore
   boundary nestled in pastures full of cattle and backdropped by the Pacific
   Ocean.

   Stations like this once riddled the California coastline as part of a
   radio communication network. The operators who ran them were charged with
   watching over the Pacific Ocean airways, relaying messages to the sailors
   at sea.

   "These guys and women were the best there were, and they had to be," says
   Richard Dillman, chief operator at the Maritime Radio Historical Society.
   "On the ships, you could get away with anything. You could send slow, you
   could send fast, you could send like you were drunk, you could send like
   you are beating two spoons together. At the shore side, you had to be able
   to say, `fine, I got it, you can send fast, no problem. Send slow,
   I'llwait. Send like you are drunk, I can understand you.' Because every
   word is revenue for the company because you were charging by the word."

   Dillman, who was never an employee of KPH, but rather a self-described
   "groupee and radio-obsessed person," says the operators had to adapt to
   anything. "They were the best there were. They are our heroes and
   heroines." 

   But once satellite communication became cheaper than paying radio
   operators, telegraphy became obsolete, and the network of radio stations
   became all but lost, as they were abandoned, sold and scavenged for
   parts. 

   Marin County Congressman Clem Miller saved KPH from this fate by writing
   and introducing the bill for the establishment of Point Reyes National
   Seashore. The bill preserved the land from development after operations
   ended. 


A telegraphic timeline

   The communications industry in the U.S. has seen several waves of
   disruption. The first significant innovation was sending a message by
   transmitting electrical signals over a wire.

   In 1843, Samuel Morse, the father of Morse code, received funding from
   Congress to set up and test his new communication wire from Washington,
   D.C., to Baltimore. Upon completion, he sent the first official telegraph
   saying, "What hath God wrought." What it wrought was money.

   Morse received enough funding to string wire across an unsettled American
   landscape. From 1843 to 1900, wired telegraphy reigned until a new
   technology disrupted the communication monopoly of Western Union. 

   On June 2, 1896, Guglielmo Marconi patented a system of wireless
   telegraphy that would utilize radio waves to transmit Morse's dits and
   dahs, making wired communication seem infrastructure-heavy. Plus, wireless
   telegraphy made maritime and transcontinental communication a lot more
   simple.

   For almost 100 years, Morse code was used to communicate with ships at
   sea. By 1999 the industry had switched over to the cheaper and more
   efficient satellite communication systems.

   The Point Reyes KPH station ended operations on June 30, 1997. The last
   day of U.S. commercial use of Morse code was July 12, 1999. The final
   message sent was the same as Morse's first: "What hath God wrought." 


`This was the end'

   "It's just beeps in the air," says Dillman. "That is all Morse code is.
   And yet it was so impactful and emotional to these people," he says about
   the operators and sailors he was with during the last day of Morse.
   "Because here they are seeing their career, their way of life, their
   skills disappearing. This was the end of the line. It used to be that you
   could take your license and telegraph key and move onto the next station,
   get a job, no problem. This was the end."

   After the last day of Morse in 1999, two years after KPH shut down,
   Richard and a few other radiomen drove up to the shuttered KPH station to
   assess how harsh the elements had been in the two years since it closed.

   "Here it was, our life's work, just handed to us," Dillman says. "Because
   here are the ears, in Point Reyes, still living. The voice in Bolinas -
   dark and cold, but existing. So all we had to do was convince the park
   service that [restoring the station] was worth doing, and we were the guys
   to do it. And we are still amazed that they bought our story, and we have
   not turned back." 

   Dillman and the rest of the radio squirrels that hang around KPH can be
   found every Sunday and more than welcome visitors.

Later,
Sean
 
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